Snowden’s Father Arrives in Moscow

Director of British Domestic Intelligence Agency Defends Spying Policies

By STEVEN ERLANGER

Andrew Parker, the new head of MI5, said recent leaks have caused enormous damage to efforts to protect citizens, handing “the advantage to the terrorists.”

Libyan Prime Minister Is Kidnapped, Then Freed

By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK and GERRY MULLANY

Ali Zeidan, the prime minister, was “liberated” hours after he was seized early Thursday in apparent retaliation for the capture of a suspected Qaeda leader by American commandos.

Extremist Group Gains Foothold Among Kenyans

By NICHOLAS KULISH and JOSH KRON

Kenya’s slums have long provided a fertile recruiting ground for Muslim extremists, but analysts say that the Shabab have been finding recruits from across the country, not just in traditionally Muslim areas.

In Crackdown Response, U.S. Temporarily Freezes Some Military Aid to Egypt

By MICHAEL R. GORDON and MARK LANDLER

The Obama administration announced a modest and temporary freeze on military assistance to Egypt, even as officials emphasized a desire to avoid rupturing a three-decade-old security relationship.

Taliban and Pakistan Argue Over Fate of Islamist Detainee

By MATTHEW ROSENBERG and DECLAN WALSH

Pakistan insists it freed Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, a founder of the Taliban, last month, but the group says he remains in jail and wants him released.

Pakistan Rearrests Ex-President Musharraf Over Red Mosque Deaths

By REUTERS

The move came after former President Pervez Musharraf had been granted bail in three other cases and his lawyer said he was cleared to leave the country.

Migrant Boat Tragedy in Italy Complicates German Politics

By ALISON SMALE

In the search for a new German government, key figures in Chancellor Angela Merkel’s conservative party on Thursday demanded fresh European policies toward asylum seekers.

Europe Pledges Aid to Italy for Refugees

By GAIA PIANIGIANI

The European Union’s top official visited an Italian island where a boat capsized last week and announced that Italy would receive $40.5 million, to deal with refugees.

Study Finds Setbacks in Carbon Capture Projects

By MATTHEW L. WALD

The number of large projects to capture and bury carbon dioxide has fallen, a report says, even though scientists say such projects are needed to fight climate change.

By 2047, Coldest Years May Be Warmer Than Hottest in Past, Scientists Say

By JUSTIN GILLIS

A new paper based on top climate models says that by about 2047, average temperatures across the globe will be higher than any highs recorded previously, with tropics hit earlier.

As Drilling Practice Takes Off in U.S., Europe Proves Hesitant

By STEVEN ERLANGER

The temptation to follow the United States in extracting shale gas from rock presents Europeans with contentious trade-offs.

• Europe Votes to Tighten Rules on Drilling Method

Conflicting Reports on Fairness of Azerbaijan Election

By DAVID M. HERSZENHORN

A delegation from the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe said it had documented widespread irregularities in Wednesday’s vote, but other observers disagreed.

Peacekeeping by U.N. Faces New Scrutiny on 2 Fronts

By RICK GLADSTONE

The United Nations was charged in a lawsuit with gross negligence in Haiti’s cholera epidemic, and accused by an anticorruption organization of oversight lapses in its own peacekeeping operations.

• Rights Advocates Suing U.N. Over the Spread of Cholera in Haiti

Myanmar, Once Shunned, Accepts Asean Leader Post

By JANE PERLEZ

At the close of the East Asia Summit, Myanmar’s president, Thein Sein, formally assumed responsibility for hosting the meeting a year from now.

Cutbacks in U.N. Food Assistance Set Off Outcry in Gaza

By FARES AKRAM

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency pointed to a $55 million budget shortfall and said the cuts were based on a re-evaluation of Gaza’s needs.

Pakistani Student Wins Top European Human Rights Award

By DECLAN WALSH

Malala Yousafzai, the Pakistani schoolgirl who survived a Taliban assassination attempt a year ago, was chosen as the winner of the $65,000 Sakharov Prize.

Without Test Tubes, 3 Win Nobel in Chemistry

By KENNETH CHANG

Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel were recognized for computer simulations that enable closer study of complex reactions like photosynthesis and the design of new drugs.

North Korean Leader Tightens Grip with Removal of Top General

By CHOE SANG-HUN

Kim Jong-un engineered recent reshuffles to retire or sideline old generals and promote a new set of aides more loyal to him.