INCI

Le systeme circadien muti-oscillant est constitue de l'horloge suprachiasmatique (SCN), l'horloge principale dans l'hypothalamus anterieur, et de nombreuses horloges peripheriques. L'horloge SCN synchronise les horloges peripheriques situees dans chaque organe. L'horloge SCN est une horloge circadienne auto-entretenue qui maintient les rythmes quotidiens comportementaux, physiologiques et neuroendocriniens. Les donneurs de temps (zeitgebers), tels que lumiere et nourriture, sont des synchroniseurs puissants, respectivement pour le SCN et les horloges peripheriques. La these visait a mieux comprendre les interactions entre les horloges circadiennes et le comportement alimentaire chez les especes nocturnes. Nous avons montre dans la premiere et la seconde partie que l'alimentation ultradienne affecte les horloges centrales et peripheriques chez la souris et le rat. Dans la premiere etude, nous avons conclu que l'alimentation ultradienne chez la souris a un ...

Restricted feeding during the resting period causes pronounced shifts in a number of peripheral clocks, but not the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). By contrast, daily caloric restriction impacts also the light-entrained SCN clock, as indicated by shifted oscillations of clock (PER1) and clock-controlled (vasopressin) proteins. To determine if these SCN changes are due to the metabolic or timing cues of the restricted feeding, mice were challenged with an ultradian 6-meals schedule (1 food access every 4 h) to abolish the daily periodicity of feeding. Mice fed with ultradian feeding that lost <10% body mass (i.e. isocaloric) displayed 1.5-h phase-advance of body temperature rhythm, but remained mostly nocturnal, together with up-regulated vasopressin and down-regulated PER1 and PER2 levels in the SCN. Hepatic expression of clock genes (Per2, Rev-erbα, and Clock) and Fgf21 was, respectively, phase-advanced and up-regulated by ultradian feeding. Mice fed with ult...

Restricted feeding is well known to affect expression profiles of both clock and metabolic genes. However, it is unknown whether these changes in metabolic gene expression result from changes in the molecular clock or in feeding behavior. Here we eliminated the daily rhythm in feeding behavior by providing 6 meals evenly distributed over the light/dark-cycle. Animals on this 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule retained the normal day/night difference in physiological parameters including body temperature and locomotor activity. The daily rhythm in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), however, was significantly phase-shifted through increased utilization of carbohydrates during the light phase and increased lipid oxidation during the dark phase. This 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule did not have a major impact on the clock gene expression rhythms in the master clock, but did have mild effects on peripheral clocks. In contrast, genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism showed differential ...

Cell replacement strategies utilizing stem cell-derived β-cells (SC-β cells) hold therapeutic potential for patients with diabetes. In order for cell therapy to be effective, transplanted SC-β cells must recapitulate physiological features of insulin secretion in humans. In this regard, circadian regulation of insulin release is critical for normal β cell physiology, where intrinsic β cell circadian clocks function to optimize glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) during the active/feeding phase of the circadian cycle. Thus, to elucidate whether transplanted SC-β cells retain capacity for circadian control of insulin secretion, SC-β cells were generated using a six-step directed differentiation protocol and transplanted (n=13 independent transplants) under the kidney capsule into immunocompromised (SCID-beige) mice. Prior to transplantation, differentiated SC-β cells were confirmed to express core circadian clock genes (e.g.,BMAL1, CLOCK, PER1 and REV-ERBα). Provided this info...

Le système circadien muti-oscillant est constitué de l'horloge suprachiasmatique (SCN), l'horloge principale dans l'hypothalamus antérieur, et de nombreuses horloges périphériques. L'horloge SCN synchronise les horloges périphériques situées dans chaque organe. L'horloge SCN est une horloge circadienne auto-entretenue qui maintient les rythmes quotidiens comportementaux, physiologiques et neuroendocriniens. Les donneurs de temps (zeitgebers), tels que lumière et nourriture, sont des synchroniseurs puissants, respectivement pour le SCN et les horloges périphériques. La thèse visait à mieux comprendre les interactions entre les horloges circadiennes et le comportement alimentaire chez les espèces nocturnes. Nous avons montré dans la première et la seconde partie que l'alimentation ultradienne affecte les horloges centrales et périphériques chez la souris et le rat. Dans la première étude, nous avons conclu que l'alimentation ultradienne chez la souris a un ...