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{{Infobox Royalty| realm=en-sco
{{Infobox royalty
| name =James II & VII<small><ref name=james7>In Scotland, he was called '''James VII,''' as there were six previous kings of that nation named James.</ref></small>
| name = James II & VII{{efn|In Scotland, he was called '''James VII,''' as there were six previous kings of that nation named James.}}
| title =King of England, Scotland and Ireland
| image = James II by Peter Lely.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Peter Lely]]
| more = es
| succession = [[King of England]], [[List of Scottish monarchs|Scotland]], and [[List of Irish monarchs|Ireland]]
| image =King James II.jpg
| moretext = ([[Style of the British sovereign#Styles of English and Scottish sovereigns|more...]])
| caption =Portrait of King James II by [[Sir Godfrey Kneller]]
| reign =6 February 1685 – 11 December 1688
| reign = 6 February 1685 – {{nowrap|23 December 1688}}
| coronation =23 April 1685 ''(England)''
| coronation = 23 April 1685
| predecessor =[[Charles II of England|Charles II]]
| predecessor = [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]
| successor =[[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]]<br />[[James Francis Edward Stuart|''James III and VIII'']]
| successor = [[William III & II]] and [[Mary II]]
| suc-type = Successors
| suc-type = Successor<br /><span style="float: right; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;">Jacobite:</span>
| spouse =[[Anne Hyde]]<br />m. 1660; died 1671<br />[[Mary of Modena]]<br />m. 1673; widowed 1701
| birth_date = 14 October 1633<br />([[Old Style and New Style dates|N.S.]]: 24 October 1633)
| birth_place = [[St James's Palace]], [[London]], [[England]]
| issue = [[Mary II of England]]<br />[[Anne of Great Britain]]<br />[[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]]<br />[[James Francis Edward Stuart|James, Prince of Wales]]<br />[[Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart]]
| death_date = 16 September 1701 (aged 67) ([[Old Style and New Style dates|N.S.]])
| issue-link = #Issue
| death_place = [[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], [[Kingdom of France|France]]
| issue-pipe = among others
| house =[[House of Stuart]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[Anne Hyde]]|1660|1671|end=died}}
| father =[[Charles I of England]]
*{{marriage|[[Mary of Modena]]<br>|1673}}}}
| mother =[[Henrietta Maria of France]]
| date of birth ={{birth date|1633|10|14|df=y}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
* [[Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (1660–1661)|Charles, Duke of Cambridge]]
| place of birth =[[St. James's Palace]], [[London]]
* [[Mary II, Queen of England]]
| date of death ={{Death date and age|1701|9|16|1633|10|14|df=yes}}
* [[James, Duke of Cambridge]]
| place of death =[[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], [[France]]
* [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain]]
| place of burial =Saint-Germain-en-Laye
* [[Charles, Duke of Kendal]]
|}}[[File:James II of England.jpg|thumb|200px|A [[painting]] of James II of England]]
* [[Edgar, Duke of Cambridge]]
* [[Isabel Stuart]]
* [[Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (1677)|Charles, Duke of Cambridge]]
* [[James Francis Edward Stuart]]
* [[Louisa Maria Stuart]]
* ''Illegitimate'':
* [[Henrietta FitzJames]]
* [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]]
* [[Henry FitzJames]]}}
| issue-link = #Issue
| issue-pipe = more...
| house = [[House of Stuart|Stuart]]
| father = [[Charles I of England]]
| mother = [[Henrietta Maria of France]]
| religion = {{plainlist|
*[[Catholic Church in England|Catholicism]] (1668–1701)
*[[Anglicanism]] (1633–1668)}}
| burial_place = Church of the English Benedictines, [[Paris]], [[France]]
| signature = JamesIISig.svg
}}
[[File:James II of England.jpg|thumb|200px|A [[painting]] of James II of England]]


'''James II of England/VII of Scotland''' (14 October 1633-16 September 1701) became [[King of Scots]], [[King of England]], and [[King of Ireland]] on 6 February 1685, and [[Duke of Normandy]] on 31 December 1660. He was the last [[Roman Catholic]] king of Scotland, England, or Ireland. Some of his [[citizen]]s did not like his religious ideas, leading a group of them to disobey and fight against him. This was called the [[Glorious Revolution]] because no one was killed. He was not replaced by his Roman Catholic son, [[James Francis Edward Stuart|James Francis Edward]], but by his [[Protestant]] daughter and [[son-in-law]], [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] and [[William III of England|William III]] (William II of [[Scotland]]), who became rulers in 1689.
'''James II and VII''' (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was king of [[Kingdom of England|England]], [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]] from 1685 to 1688. He was King James II in England and Ireland, and King James VII in Scotland. He was also [[Duke of Normandy]] from 31 December 1660. He lost his kingdoms in the [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688. He did not succeed in taking them back in a war, and he spent the rest of his life in [[Kingdom of France|France]].

He was the last [[Roman Catholic]] king in the [[British Isles]]. Some of his people did not like his religious ideas, leading a group of them to disobey and fight against him. This was called the [[Glorious Revolution]] in England and Scotland. King James and his son, [[James Francis Edward Stuart|James Francis Edward]] went into [[exile]]. The king was replaced by his [[Protestant]] daughter, [[Mary II|Queen Mary II]], and her husband [[William III and II|King William III and II]]. They became rulers in 1689.


The belief that James, not William III or Mary II, was the one true ruler became known as [[Jacobitism]] (from [[Jacobus]] or [[Iacobus]], [[Latin]] for James). James made one serious attempt to recover his [[throne]] when he landed in [[Ireland]] in 1689. After his defeat at the [[Battle of the Boyne]] in the summer of 1690, he returned to [[France]], living the rest of his life under the protection of [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV]]. His son [[James Francis Edward Stuart]] (The Old Pretender) and his grandson [[Charles Edward Stuart]] (The Young Pretender and Bonnie Prince Charlie) attempted to restore the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] line after James's death, but failed.
The belief that James, not William III or Mary II, was the one true ruler became known as [[Jacobitism]] (from [[Jacobus]] or [[Iacobus]], [[Latin]] for James). James made one serious attempt to recover his [[throne]] when he landed in [[Ireland]] in 1689. After his defeat at the [[Battle of the Boyne]] in the summer of 1690, he returned to [[France]], living the rest of his life under the protection of [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV]]. His son [[James Francis Edward Stuart]] (The Old Pretender) and his grandson [[Charles Edward Stuart]] (The Young Pretender and Bonnie Prince Charlie) attempted to restore the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] line after James's death, but failed.


== Issue ==
== Issue ==
The issue listed are the children of James II who survived into adulthood. Illegitimate are not listed.

{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!Name!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
!Name!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
|-
|-
|colspan=4|'''''By [[Anne Hyde]]'''''
|[[Mary II of England]]|| 30 April 1662||28 December 1694||Married [[William III of England]] (1650 - 1702) in 1677. No surviving issue.
|-
|[[Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (1660–1661)|Charles, Duke of Cambridge]]||22 October 1660||5 May 1661||&nbsp;
|-
|[[Mary II of England|Mary II]]||30 April 1662||28 December 1694||married 1677, [[William III of England|William III, Prince of Orange]]; no issue
|-
|[[James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge|James, Duke of Cambridge]]||11 or 12 July 1663||20 June 1667||&nbsp;
|-
|[[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne]]||6 February 1665||1 August 1714||married 1683, [[Prince George of Denmark]]; no surviving issue
|-
|[[Charles Stuart, Duke of Kendal|Charles, Duke of Kendal]]||4 July 1666||22 May 1667||&nbsp;
|-
|[[Edgar Stuart, Duke of Cambridge|Edgar, Duke of Cambridge]]||14 September 1667||8 June 1671||&nbsp;
|-
|Henrietta||13 January 1669||15 November 1669||&nbsp;
|-
|Catherine||9 February 1671||5 December 1671||&nbsp;
|-
|colspan=4|'''''By [[Mary of Modena]]'''''
|-
|Unnamed child||colspan=2 align=center|March or May 1674||miscarriage
|-
|Catherine Laura||10 January 1675||3 October 1675||died of convulsions.<ref name="Weir, 260">Weir, 260</ref>
|-
|Unnamed child||colspan=2 align=center|October 1675||stillborn
|-
|[[Isabel Stuart|Isabel]] (or Isabella)||28 August 1676||2 or 4 March 1681||buried in [[Westminster Abbey]] on 4 March (Old Style) as "The Lady Isabella, daughter to the Duke of York"<ref>J. L. Chester, ''The Marriage, Baptismal, and Burial Registers of the Collegiate Church or Abbey of St. Peter, Westminster'', Volume 10 (Harleian Society, 1876), p. 201</ref>
|-
|[[Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (born 1677)|Charles, Duke of Cambridge]]||7 November 1677||12 December 1677|| died of smallpox<ref name="Weir, 260"/>
|-
|Elizabeth||colspan=2 align=center|c. 1678||&nbsp;
|-
|Unnamed child||colspan=2 align=center|February 1681||stillborn
|-
|Charlotte Maria||16 August 1682||16 October 1682|| died of convulsions<ref name="Weir, 260"/> and buried in Westminster Abbey on 8 October (Old Style) as "The Lady Charlott-Marie, daughter to the Duke of York"<ref>Chester (1876), p. 206</ref>
|-
|Unnamed child||colspan=2 align=center|October 1683||stillborn
|-
|Unnamed child||colspan=2 align=center|May 1684||miscarriage
|-
|[[James Francis Edward Stuart|James, Prince of Wales "the Old Pretender"]]||10 June 1688||1 January 1766||married 1719, [[Maria Clementina Sobieska|Clementina Sobieska]]; had issue
|-
|[[Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart|Louisa Maria Teresa]]||28 June 1692||18 April 1712||&nbsp;
|-
|colspan=4|'''''By [[Arabella Churchill (royal mistress)|Arabella Churchill]] '''''
|-
|[[Henrietta FitzJames]] ||1667||3 April 1730||Married first [[Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave|Henry Waldegrave]]; had issue. Married secondly [[Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye]]; no issue.
|-
|[[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]] ||21 August 1670||12 June 1734||Married firstly Honora Bourke and had issue. Married secondly Ana Bulkely and had issue.<ref name="weir263"/>
|-
|[[Henry FitzJames, 1st Duke of Albemarle]]||August 1673||December 1702||Married Marie Gabrielle d'Audibert de Lussan; had issue.
|-
|Arabella FitzJames||1674||7 November 1704||Became a nun under the name Ignatia.<ref name="weir263"/>
|-
|colspan=4|'''''By [[Catherine Sedley]]'''''
|-
|-
|[[Catherine Sheffield, Duchess of Buckingham and Normanby|Catherine Darnley]]||c. 1681||13 March 1743||Alleged daughter. Married firstly, [[James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey]] and had issue. Married secondly, [[John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby]] and had issue.<ref name="weir263">Weir, 263</ref>
|[[Anne of Great Britain]]||6 February 1665||1 August 1714||Married [[George of Denmark]] (2 April 1653 – 28 October 1708) in 1683.
|-
|-
|James Darnley|| 1684 || 22 April 1685 ||
|[[James Francis Edward Stuart]]||10 June 1688 ||1 January 1766||had issue{{fact|date=December 2013}}.
|-
|-
|Charles Darnley|| || ||Died young.<ref name="weir263"/>
|}
|}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 57: Line 135:
[[Category:British Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:British Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Jacobite pretenders]]
[[Category:Jacobite pretenders]]
[[Category:1680s in Europe]]
[[Category:17th century in Scotland]]

Latest revision as of 09:47, 23 June 2023

James II & VII[a]
Portrait by Peter Lely
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Reign6 February 1685 – 23 December 1688
Coronation23 April 1685
PredecessorCharles II
SuccessorsWilliam III & II and Mary II
Born14 October 1633
(N.S.: 24 October 1633)
St James's Palace, London, England
Died16 September 1701 (aged 67) (N.S.)
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
Burial
Church of the English Benedictines, Paris, France
Spouse
Issue
more...
HouseStuart
FatherCharles I of England
MotherHenrietta Maria of France
Religion
SignatureJames II & VII[a]'s signature
A painting of James II of England

James II and VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688. He was King James II in England and Ireland, and King James VII in Scotland. He was also Duke of Normandy from 31 December 1660. He lost his kingdoms in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He did not succeed in taking them back in a war, and he spent the rest of his life in France.

He was the last Roman Catholic king in the British Isles. Some of his people did not like his religious ideas, leading a group of them to disobey and fight against him. This was called the Glorious Revolution in England and Scotland. King James and his son, James Francis Edward went into exile. The king was replaced by his Protestant daughter, Queen Mary II, and her husband King William III and II. They became rulers in 1689.

The belief that James, not William III or Mary II, was the one true ruler became known as Jacobitism (from Jacobus or Iacobus, Latin for James). James made one serious attempt to recover his throne when he landed in Ireland in 1689. After his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in the summer of 1690, he returned to France, living the rest of his life under the protection of King Louis XIV. His son James Francis Edward Stuart (The Old Pretender) and his grandson Charles Edward Stuart (The Young Pretender and Bonnie Prince Charlie) attempted to restore the Jacobite line after James's death, but failed.

Issue[change | change source]

Name Birth Death Notes
By Anne Hyde
Charles, Duke of Cambridge 22 October 1660 5 May 1661  
Mary II 30 April 1662 28 December 1694 married 1677, William III, Prince of Orange; no issue
James, Duke of Cambridge 11 or 12 July 1663 20 June 1667  
Anne 6 February 1665 1 August 1714 married 1683, Prince George of Denmark; no surviving issue
Charles, Duke of Kendal 4 July 1666 22 May 1667  
Edgar, Duke of Cambridge 14 September 1667 8 June 1671  
Henrietta 13 January 1669 15 November 1669  
Catherine 9 February 1671 5 December 1671  
By Mary of Modena
Unnamed child March or May 1674 miscarriage
Catherine Laura 10 January 1675 3 October 1675 died of convulsions.[1]
Unnamed child October 1675 stillborn
Isabel (or Isabella) 28 August 1676 2 or 4 March 1681 buried in Westminster Abbey on 4 March (Old Style) as "The Lady Isabella, daughter to the Duke of York"[2]
Charles, Duke of Cambridge 7 November 1677 12 December 1677 died of smallpox[1]
Elizabeth c. 1678  
Unnamed child February 1681 stillborn
Charlotte Maria 16 August 1682 16 October 1682 died of convulsions[1] and buried in Westminster Abbey on 8 October (Old Style) as "The Lady Charlott-Marie, daughter to the Duke of York"[3]
Unnamed child October 1683 stillborn
Unnamed child May 1684 miscarriage
James, Prince of Wales "the Old Pretender" 10 June 1688 1 January 1766 married 1719, Clementina Sobieska; had issue
Louisa Maria Teresa 28 June 1692 18 April 1712  
By Arabella Churchill
Henrietta FitzJames 1667 3 April 1730 Married first Henry Waldegrave; had issue. Married secondly Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye; no issue.
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick 21 August 1670 12 June 1734 Married firstly Honora Bourke and had issue. Married secondly Ana Bulkely and had issue.[4]
Henry FitzJames, 1st Duke of Albemarle August 1673 December 1702 Married Marie Gabrielle d'Audibert de Lussan; had issue.
Arabella FitzJames 1674 7 November 1704 Became a nun under the name Ignatia.[4]
By Catherine Sedley
Catherine Darnley c. 1681 13 March 1743 Alleged daughter. Married firstly, James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey and had issue. Married secondly, John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby and had issue.[4]
James Darnley 1684 22 April 1685
Charles Darnley Died young.[4]

Notes[change | change source]

  1. ↑ In Scotland, he was called James VII, as there were six previous kings of that nation named James.

References[change | change source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Weir, 260
  2. ↑ J. L. Chester, The Marriage, Baptismal, and Burial Registers of the Collegiate Church or Abbey of St. Peter, Westminster, Volume 10 (Harleian Society, 1876), p. 201
  3. ↑ Chester (1876), p. 206
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Weir, 263
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