In this era of complete genomes, our knowledge of neuroanatomical circuitry remains
surprisingly sparse. Such knowledge is critical, however, for both basic and clinical research …

Natural events present multiple types of sensory cues, each detected by a specialized
sensory modality. Combining information from several modalities is essential for the …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable monitoring of neuronal activity at
high spatial and temporal resolution. However, the utility of existing GEVIs has been limited …

Progressive depletion of midbrain dopamine neurons (PDD) is associated with deficits in the
initiation, speed, and fluidity of voluntary movement. Models of basal ganglia function focus …

Understanding the functions of a brain region requires knowing the neural representations
of its myriad inputs, local neurons and outputs. Primary visual cortex (V1) has long been …

Myelin is best known for its role in increasing the conduction velocity and metabolic
efficiency of long-range excitatory axons. Accordingly, the myelin observed in neocortical …

When a behavior repeatedly fails to achieve its goal, animals often give up and become
passive, which can be strategic for preserving energy or regrouping between attempts. It is …

Cerebellar granule cells constitute the majority of neurons in the brain and are the primary
conveyors of sensory and motor-related mossy fiber information to Purkinje cells. The …

Mammalian cerebral cortex is accepted as being critical for voluntary motor control, but what
functions depend on cortex is still unclear. Here we used rapid, reversible optogenetic …

Relating the function of neuronal cell types to information processing and behavior is a
central goal of neuroscience. In the hippocampus, pyramidal cells in CA1 and the subiculum …