The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) dominates the variability of the equatorial stratosphere
(∼ 16–50 km) and is easily seen as downward propagating easterly and westerly wind …

Climate and weather constitute a typical example where high dimensional and complex
phenomena meet. The atmospheric system is the result of highly complex interactions …

The extension of the ERA5 reanalysis back to 1950 supplements the previously published
segment covering 1979 to the present. It features the assimilation of additional conventional …

For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic,
and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook …

The atmosphere and ocean are two of the most important components of the climate system,
and fluid dynamics is central to our understanding of both. This book provides a unified and …

The Tropical Ocean‐Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program sought to determine the
predictability of the coupled ocean‐atmosphere system. The World Climate Research …

In this paper we describe SEAS5, ECMWF's fifth generation seasonal forecast system, which
became operational in November 2017. Compared to its predecessor, System 4, SEAS5 is a …

Since its discovery in the early 1970s, the crucial role of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
(MJO) in the global hydrological cycle and its tremendous influence on high‐impact climate …

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of previous studies and concepts
concerning the North Atlantic Oscillation. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its recent …

In the tropical stratosphere, deep layers of eastward and westward winds encircle the globe
and descend regularly from the upper stratosphere to the tropical tropopause. With a …