Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involve testing genetic variants across the
genomes of many individuals to identify genotype–phenotype associations. GWAS have …

New finds in the palaeoanthropological and genomic records have changed our view of the
origins of modern human ancestry. Here we review our current understanding of how the …

We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000–3,000 years
ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms …

Abstract The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural
changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the …

Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples
from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide …

Although the first ancient DNA molecules were extracted more than three decades ago, the
first ancient nuclear genomes could only be characterized after high-throughput sequencing …

Present-day people from England and Wales have more ancestry derived from early
European farmers (EEF) than did people of the Early Bronze Age 1. To understand this, here …

INTRODUCTION Large-scale human genome-sequencing studies to date have been limited
to large, metropolitan populations or to small numbers of genomes from each group. Much …

The past few years have witnessed a revolution in our ability to obtain DNA from ancient
humans. This important new data has added to our knowledge from archaeology and …

Modern humans appeared in Europe by at least 45,000 years ago 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, but the extent
of their interactions with Neanderthals, who disappeared by about 40,000 years ago 6, and …