Anemia is a prevalent condition that goes underrecognized and undertreated, yet still carries substantial costs for payers and is a burden on the health and quality of life of those diagnosed. Clinicians should recognize anemia of chronic diseases, such as cancer, chronic kidney disease, and human immunodeficiency virus infection, as a surrogate for more severe illness. Because of its prevalence and the health consequences associated with anemia, better detection and response is needed in vulnerable patient populations. Clinicians need to be more cognizant of the symptoms of anemia and more vigilant in its treatment to ensure better outcomes both clinically and financially.