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Novel structures for alpha-actinin:F-actin interactions and their implications for actin-membrane attachment and tension sensing in the cytoskeleton

J Mol Biol. 2007 Apr 20;368(1):92-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.01.071. Epub 2007 Feb 3.

Abstract

We have applied correspondence analysis to electron micrographs of 2-D rafts of F-actin cross-linked with alpha-actinin on a lipid monolayer to investigate alpha-actinin:F-actin binding and cross-linking. More than 8000 actin crossover repeats, each with one to five alpha-actinin molecules bound, were selected, aligned, and grouped to produce class averages of alpha-actinin cross-links with approximately 9-fold improvement in the stochastic signal-to-noise ratio. Measurements and comparative molecular models show variation in the distance separating actin-binding domains and the angle of the alpha-actinin cross-links. Rafts of F-actin and alpha-actinin formed predominantly polar 2-D arrays of actin filaments, with occasional insertion of filaments of opposite polarity. Unique to this study are the numbers of alpha-actinin molecules bound to successive crossovers on the same actin filament. These "monofilament"-bound alpha-actinin molecules may reflect a new mode of interaction for alpha-actinin, particularly in protein-dense actin-membrane attachments in focal adhesions. These results suggest that alpha-actinin is not simply a rigid spacer between actin filaments, but rather a flexible cross-linking, scaffolding, and anchoring protein. We suggest these properties of alpha-actinin may contribute to tension sensing in actin bundles.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Actin Cytoskeleton / chemistry
  • Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism
  • Actinin / chemistry*
  • Actinin / metabolism*
  • Actins / chemistry*
  • Actins / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism*
  • Cytoskeleton / metabolism*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Interaction Mapping
  • Rabbits
  • Surface Tension

Substances

  • Actins
  • Actinin