Oceania: Perbezaan antara semakan
k r2.7.1) (bot menambah: am:ኦሺያኒያ mengubah: pcd:Ochéanie |
Fail Seal_of_Palau.svg telah dibuang kerana ia telah dihapuskan di Commons oleh The Squirrel Conspiracy |
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(19 semakan pertengahan oleh 15 orang pengguna tidak dipaparkan) | |||
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{{Infobox Continent |
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|title = Oceania |
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|image = [[Fail:Oceania (orthographic projection).svg|200px|Unjuran ortografi Oceania geopolitik.]]<br>Oceania Geopolitik |
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|area = {{convert|8,525,989|km2|abbr=on}} |
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|population = 35,670,000 |
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|density = |
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|demonym = |
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|countries = {{Collapsible list |title=[[Senarai negara dan wilayah di Oceania|14]] |[[Australia]] |[[Fiji]] |[[Kiribati]] |[[Kepulauan Marshall]] |[[Persekutuan Micronesia|Micronesia]] |[[Nauru]] |[[New Zealand]] |[[Palau]] |[[Papua New Guinea]] |[[Samoa]] |[[Kepulauan Solomon]] |[[Tonga]] |[[Tuvalu]] |[[Vanuatu]]}} |
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|list_countries = |
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|dependencies = {{Collapsible list |title=[[Senarai negara dan wilayah di Oceania#kebergantungan|25]] |[[Samoa Amerika]] |[[Kepulauan Ashmore dan Cartier]] |[[Pulau Baker]] |[[Pulau Clipperton]] |[[Kepulauan Cook]] |[[Kepulauan Coral Sea]] |[[Pulau Paskah]] |[[Polinesia Perancis]] |[[Guam]] |[[Hawaii]]| [[Pulau Howland]] |[[Pulau Jarvis]] |[[Johnston Atoll]] |[[Kepulauan Juan Fernández]] |[[Kingman Reef]] |[[Midway Atoll]] |[[New Caledonia]] |[[Niue]] |[[Pulau Norfolk]] |[[Kepulauan Mariana Utara]] |[[Palmyra Atoll]] |[[Kepulauan Pitcairn]] |[[Tokelau]] |[[Pulau Wake]] |[[Wallis dan Futuna]]}} |
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|languages = {{Collapsible list |title=30 rasmi |bahasa rasmi: |[[Bahasa Bislama|Bislama]] |[[Bahasa Caroline|Caroline]] |[[Bahasa Chamorro|Chamorro]] | [[Bahasa Cina|Cina]] | [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]] |[[Bahasa Fiji|Fiji]] |[[Bahasa Futuna|Futuna]] |[[Bahasa Gilbert|Gilbert]] |[[Bahasa Hawaii|Hawaii]] |[[Hindi]] |[[Bahasa Hiri Motu|Hiri Motu]] |[[Bahasa Māori|Māori]]|[[Maori Kepulauan Cook]] |[[Bahasa Marshall|Marshall]]| [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]] |[[Bahasa Nauru|Nauru]] |[[Bahasa Niue|Niue]] |[[Bahasa Palau|Palau]]|[[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]] |[[Bahasa Pitkern|Pitkern]] |[[Bahasa Rotuma|Rotuma]] |[[Bahasa Samoa|Samoa]] |[[Bahasa Sepanyol|Sepanyol]] |[[Bahasa Tahiti|Tahiti]] |[[Bahasa Tokelau|Tokelau]] |[[Bahasa Tonga|Tonga]] |[[Bahasa Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]] |[[Bahasa Tuvalu|Tuvalu]] |[[Bahasa Wallis|Wallis]]}} |
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|unrecognized = |
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|time = [[UTC+8]] ([[Masa di Australia|Waktu Piawai Australia Barat]]) to [[UTC-6]] ([[Pulau Easter]]) (barat ke timur) |
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|cities = [[Sydney]]<br>[[Melbourne]]<br>[[Brisbane]]<br>[[Perth]]<br>[[Auckland]]<br>[[Adelaide]] |
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}} |
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[[Fail:LocationOceania.png|thumb|350px|Kedudukan Oceania dalam peta dunia]] |
[[Fail:LocationOceania.png|thumb|350px|Kedudukan Oceania dalam peta dunia]] |
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'''Oceania''' ataupun '''Australasia''' merupakan sebuah [[benua]] yang terdiri daripada negara-negara seperti [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Papua New Guinea]] dan negara Kepulauan Pasifik seperti [[Fiji]], [[Nauru]], [[Kiribati]], [[Tahiti]], [[Samoa]], [[Palau]] dan banyak lagi. |
'''Oceania''' ([[Tulisan Jawi]]: {{Rtl-lang|ar|اوسيانيا}}) ataupun '''Australasia''' (Jawi: {{Rtl-lang|ar|اوسترالاسيا}}) merupakan sebuah [[benua]] yang terdiri daripada negara-negara seperti [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Papua New Guinea]] dan negara Kepulauan Pasifik seperti [[Fiji]], [[Nauru]], [[Kiribati]], [[Tahiti]], [[Samoa]], [[Palau]] dan banyak lagi. |
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Oceania merupakan benua dengan luas daratan terkecil dan jumlah penduduk kedua terkecil setelah Antartika. Ia adalah kerana Oceania sebenarnya merupakan kumpulan pulau-pulau di [[Lautan Pasifik]]. |
Oceania merupakan benua dengan luas daratan terkecil dan jumlah penduduk kedua terkecil setelah Antartika. Ia adalah kerana Oceania sebenarnya merupakan kumpulan pulau-pulau di [[Lautan Pasifik]]. |
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== |
== Peristilahan == |
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Istilah ini diciptakan oleh seorang ahli geografi Perancis bernama [[Conrad Malte-Brun]] dengan nama ''Océanie'' pada tahun 1812.<ref name="OED">{{OED|Oceania}}</ref> Kata ini berakar daripada perkataan [[Bahasa Yunani]] ὠκεανός ''ōkeanós'' yang bermaksud "[[lautan]]" melalui [[bahasa Latin]] ''oceanus''; pengungkapan sebegini dipilih kerana sifat menonjol rantau geografi ini yang dihubungkan melalui lautan besar.<ref name="pacifi30">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2V_AgAAQBAJ |title=American Pacificism: Oceania in the U.S. Imagination |last=Lyons |first=Paul |date=2006 |isbn=9781134264155 |page=30}}</ref> |
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=== Rangkuman === |
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[[Fail:Oceania-map.JPG|thumb|250px| Peta Oceania]] |
[[Fail:Oceania-map.JPG|thumb|250px| Peta Oceania]] |
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Tujuan utama penggunaan terma Oceania ialah untuk membuat kenyataan mengenai sebuah rantau atau benua (seperti [[Asia]] dan [[Eropah]]) yang terletak di antara benua Asia dan benua Amerika, dengan [[Australia]] sebagai tanah besar. Penggunaan perkataan Oceania adalah untuk menunujukkan hubung kait di antara negara-negara di rantau tersebut. Oceania ialah benua terkecil di dunia dan mempunyai populasi kedua terkecil di dunia selepas benua [[Antartika]]. |
Tujuan utama penggunaan terma Oceania ialah untuk membuat kenyataan mengenai sebuah rantau atau benua (seperti [[Asia]] dan [[Eropah]]) yang terletak di antara benua Asia dan benua Amerika, dengan [[Australia]] sebagai tanah besar. Penggunaan perkataan Oceania adalah untuk menunujukkan hubung kait di antara negara-negara di rantau tersebut. Oceania ialah benua terkecil di dunia dan mempunyai populasi kedua terkecil di dunia selepas benua [[Antartika]]. |
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== Senarai negara dan wilayah == |
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{{benua}} |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid #aaa; font-size:90%;" |
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|- style="background:#ececec;"| |
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! style="line-height:95%; width:4em" class="unsortable" | [[Jata negara|Jata]] |
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! style="line-height:95%; width:2em" class="unsortable" | Bendera |
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! Nama negara atau wilayah (serta negara milik) |
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! data-sort-type="number" | Keluasan<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) |
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! data-sort-type="number" | Jumlah<br />penduduk<br />({{UN_Population|Year}}){{UN_Population|ref}} |
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! data-sort-type="number" | Kepadatan<br />penduduk<br />(per km<sup>2</sup>) |
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! [[Ibu negara]] |
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! [[ISO 3166-1]] |
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|- |
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| colspan="8" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;"|'''[[Australasia]]''' |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Australia}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Australia}} |
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| [[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]] (Australia) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 199 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| |
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| style="text-align:right;"| |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Australia}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Australia}} |
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| '''[[Australia]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 7,686,850 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Australia}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 3.1 |
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| [[Canberra]] |
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| AU |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Australia}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Australia}} |
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| [[Kepulauan Coral Sea]] (Australia) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 10 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 4 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 0.4 |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|New Zealand}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|New Zealand}} |
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| '''[[New Zealand]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 268,680 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|New Zealand}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 17.3 |
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| [[Wellington]] |
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| NZ |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Norfolk Island}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Kepulauan Norfolk}} |
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| [[Pulau Norfolk]] (Australia) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 35 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2,302 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 65.8 |
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| [[Kingston, Norfolk Island|Kingston]] |
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| NF |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| Australasia (jumlah) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 7,955,774 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 28,788,987 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 3.6 |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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| colspan="8" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;"| '''[[Melanesia]]''' |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Fiji}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Fiji}} |
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| '''[[Fiji]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 18,270 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Fiji}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 49.2 |
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| [[Suva]] |
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| FJ |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Emblem of New Caledonia.svg|25px]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|New Caledonia}} |
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| [[New Caledonia]] (Perancis) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 19,060 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|New Caledonia}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 14.3 |
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| [[Nouméa]] |
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| NC |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;" | {{Coat of arms|text=none|Papua}} |
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| style="text-align:center;" | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} |
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| [[Papua]] (Indonesia) |
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| style="text-align:right;" | 319,036 |
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| style="text-align:right;" | 3,486,432 |
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| style="text-align:right;" | 10.9 |
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| [[Jayapura]] |
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| |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;" | {{Coat of arms|text=none|West Papua}} |
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| style="text-align:center;" | {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} |
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| [[Papua Barat]] (Indonesia) |
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| style="text-align:right;" | 140,375 |
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| style="text-align:right;" | 760,855 |
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| style="text-align:right;" | 5.4 |
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| [[Manokwari]] |
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| |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:National_Emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg|30px]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Papua New Guinea}} |
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| '''[[Papua New Guinea]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 462,840 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Papua New Guinea}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 17.5 |
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| [[Port Moresby]] |
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| PG |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Solomon Islands}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Kepulauan Solomon}} |
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| '''[[Kepulauan Solomon]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 28,450 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Kepulauan Solomon}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 21.1 |
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| [[Honiara]] |
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| SB |
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|- |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg|20px]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Vanuatu}} |
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| '''[[Vanuatu]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 12,200 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Vanuatu}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 22.2 |
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| [[Port Vila]] |
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| VU |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| Melanesia (jumlah) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 1,000,231 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 14,373,536 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 14.4 |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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| colspan="8" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;"| '''[[Mikronesia]]''' |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Seal_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg|25px]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Persekutuan Mikronesia}} |
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| '''[[Persekutuan Mikronesia]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 702 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Micronesia (Fed. States of)}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 149.5 |
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| [[Palikir]] |
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| FM |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Guam}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Guam}} |
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| [[Guam]] (Amerika) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 549 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Guam}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 296.7 |
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| [[Hagåtña|Hagåtña]] |
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| GU |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Kiribati}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Kiribati}} |
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| '''[[Kiribati]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 811 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Kiribati}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 141.1 |
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| [[South Tarawa]] |
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| KI |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Seal_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg|25px]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Kepulauan Marshall}} |
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| '''[[Kepulauan Marshall]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 181 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Marshall Islands}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 293.2 |
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| [[Majuro]] |
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| MH |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Nauru}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Nauru}} |
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| '''[[Nauru]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 21 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Nauru}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 540.3 |
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| [[Yaren]] <small>(''de facto'')</small> |
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| NR |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Seal_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg|25px]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Kepulauan Mariana Utara}} |
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| [[Kepulauan Mariana Utara]] (Amerika) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 477 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Northern Mariana Islands}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 115.4 |
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| [[Saipan]] |
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| MP |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Palau}} |
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| '''[[Palau]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 458 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Palau}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 46.9 |
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| [[Ngerulmud]] |
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| PW |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|United States}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg|23px]] |
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| [[Pulau Wake]] (Amerika) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 150 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 75 |
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| [[Wake Island]] |
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| UM |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| Mikronesia (jumlah) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 3,201 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 523,317 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 163.5 |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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| colspan="8" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;"| '''[[Polynesia]]''' |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg|25px]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Samoa Amerika}} |
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| [[Samoa Amerika]] (Amerika) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 199 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|American Samoa}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 279.4 |
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| [[Pago Pago]], [[Fagatogo]] |
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| AS |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Cook Islands}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Kepulauan Cook}} |
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| [[Kepulauan Cook]] (New Zealand) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 240 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Cook Islands}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 72.4 |
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| [[Avarua]] |
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| CK |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Easter Island}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Pulau Easter}} |
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| [[Pulau Easter]] (Chile) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 164 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 5,761 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 35.1 |
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| [[Hanga Roa]] |
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| CL |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|French Polynesia}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Polynesia Perancis}} |
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| [[Polynesia Perancis]] (Perancis) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 4,167 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|French Polynesia}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 67.2 |
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| [[Papeete]] |
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| PF |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Hawaii}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Hawaii}} |
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| [[Hawaii]] (Amerika) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 16,636 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 1,360,301 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 81.8 |
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| [[Honolulu]] |
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| US |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|New Zealand}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Niue}} |
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| [[Niue]] (New Zealand) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 260 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Niue}} |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 6.2 |
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| [[Alofi]] |
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| NU |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Pitcairn Islands}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Kepulauan Pitcairn}} |
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| [[Kepulauan Pitcairn]] (United Kingdom) |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 47 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 47 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 1 |
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| [[Adamstown, Kepulauan Pitcairn|Adamstown]] |
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| PN |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Samoa}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Samoa}} |
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| '''[[Samoa]]''' |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2,944 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Samoa}} |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 66.3 |
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| [[Apia]] |
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| WS |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Badge_of_Tokelau.svg|25px]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Tokelau}} |
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| [[Tokelau]] (New Zealand) |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 10 |
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| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Tokelau}} |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 128.2 |
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| [[Nukunonu]] |
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| TK |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Tonga}} |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Tonga}} |
|||
| '''[[Tonga]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 748 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Tonga}} |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 143.2 |
|||
| [[Nukuʻalofa|Nuku{{Okina}}alofa]] |
|||
| TO |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Tuvalu}} |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Tuvalu}} |
|||
| '''[[Tuvalu]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 26 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Tuvalu}} |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 426.8 |
|||
| [[Funafuti]] |
|||
| TV |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Coat of arms|text=none|Wallis and Futuna}} |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagicon|Wallis dan Futuna|local}} |
|||
| [[Wallis dan Futuna]] (Perancis) |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 274 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| {{UN_Population|Wallis and Futuna Islands}} |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 43.4 |
|||
| [[Mata-Utu]] |
|||
| WF |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| |
|||
| style="text-align:center;"| |
|||
| Polynesia (jumlah) |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 25,715 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,047,444 |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 79.6 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="3" | Jumlah |
|||
! style="text-align:right;" | 8,919,530 |
|||
! style="text-align:right;" | {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Oceania}}|R}} + 3486432 + 760855 + 1360301}}}} |
|||
! style="text-align:right;" | 5.1 |
|||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="3" | Jumlah ''tidak termasuk Tanah Besar Australia'' |
|||
! style="text-align:right;" | 1,232,680 |
|||
! style="text-align:right;" | {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Oceania}}|R}} + 3486432 + 760855 + 1360301 - {{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Australia}}|R}}}}}} |
|||
! style="text-align:right;" | 16.6 |
|||
|} |
|||
==Rujukan== |
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[[Kategori:Oceania| ]] |
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{{portal|Oceania}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{benua}} |
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[[ace:Oseania]] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[kbd:Хы ТӀыгуей]] |
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[[ |
[[Kategori:Oceania| ]] |
||
[[als:Ozeanien]] |
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[[am:ኦሺያኒያ]] |
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[[ar:أوقيانوسيا]] |
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[[an:Oceanía]] |
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[[frp:Ocèanie]] |
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[[as:ওচেনিয়া]] |
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[[ast:Oceanía]] |
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[[gn:Oseania]] |
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[[az:Avstraliya və Okeaniya]] |
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[[bjn:Oseania]] |
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[[id:Oseania]] |
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[[bm:Oseania]] |
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[[bn:ওশেনিয়া]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu]] |
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[[jv:Oséania]] |
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[[su:Oséania]] |
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[[be:Акіянія]] |
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[[be-x-old:Акіянія]] |
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[[bcl:Oceanya]] |
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[[bo:རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་པོའི་གླིང་ཆེན།]] |
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[[bs:Okeanija]] |
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[[br:Okeania]] |
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[[bg:Океания]] |
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[[ca:Oceania]] |
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[[ceb:Oseyaniya]] |
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[[cv:Океани]] |
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[[cs:Oceánie]] |
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[[cy:Oceania]] |
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[[da:Oceanien]] |
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[[de:Ozeanien]] |
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[[dsb:Oceanija]] |
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[[et:Okeaania]] |
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[[el:Ωκεανία]] |
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[[en:Oceania]] |
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[[es:Oceanía]] |
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[[eo:Oceanio]] |
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[[ext:Oceania]] |
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[[eu:Ozeania]] |
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[[fa:اقیانوسیه]] |
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[[hif:Oceania]] |
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[[fo:Kyrrahavsoyggjarnar]] |
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[[fr:Océanie]] |
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[[fy:Oseaanje]] |
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[[fur:Oceanie]] |
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[[ga:An Aigéine]] |
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[[sm:Oceania]] |
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[[gag:Okeaniya]] |
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[[gd:Roinn a' Chuain Shèimh]] |
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[[gl:Oceanía]] |
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[[gan:大洋洲]] |
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[[glk:اوقیانوسیه]] |
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[[got:𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌰]] |
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[[ko:오세아니아]] |
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[[hy:Օվկիանիա]] |
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[[hi:ओशिआनिया]] |
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[[hsb:Oceanija]] |
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[[hr:Oceanija]] |
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[[io:Oceania]] |
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[[ilo:Oceania]] |
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[[ia:Oceania]] |
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[[ie:Oceania]] |
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[[iu:ᐅᓯᐋᓂᐊ]] |
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[[os:Океани]] |
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[[zu:I-Osheaniya]] |
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[[is:Eyjaálfa]] |
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[[it:Oceania]] |
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[[he:אוקיאניה]] |
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[[kl:Oceania]] |
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[[kn:ಒಷ್ಯಾನಿಯ]] |
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[[ka:ოკეანეთი]] |
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[[kk:Океания]] |
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[[kw:Oceania]] |
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[[rw:Oseyaniya]] |
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[[ky:Океания]] |
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[[sw:Australia na Pasifiki]] |
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[[ht:Oseyani]] |
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[[ku:Okyanûsya]] |
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[[lad:Oseania]] |
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[[lez:Океания]] |
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[[la:Oceania]] |
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[[lv:Okeānija]] |
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[[lb:Ozeanien]] |
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[[lt:Okeanija]] |
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[[lij:Oçeania]] |
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[[li:Oceanië]] |
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[[ln:Oseanía]] |
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[[lmo:Uceania]] |
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[[hu:Óceánia]] |
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[[mk:Океанија]] |
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[[mg:Oseania]] |
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[[ml:ഓഷ്യാനിയ]] |
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[[krc:Океания]] |
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[[mt:Oċeanja]] |
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[[mr:ओशनिया]] |
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[[xmf:ოკიანეთი]] |
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[[arz:اوشيانيا]] |
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[[mwl:Ouceanie]] |
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[[koi:Океания]] |
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[[mn:Австрали ба далайн орнууд]] |
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[[my:အိုရှန်းနီးယား]] |
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[[nah:Oceania]] |
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[[nl:Oceanië]] |
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[[ne:ओशिनिया]] |
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[[ja:オセアニア]] |
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[[frr:Oseåånien]] |
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[[no:Oseania]] |
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[[nn:Oseania]] |
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[[nrm:Ochéannie]] |
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[[nov:Oseania]] |
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[[oc:Oceania]] |
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[[mhr:Океаний]] |
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[[pnb:اوشیانا]] |
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[[ps:اقيانوسيه]] |
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[[km:អូសេអានី]] |
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[[pcd:Ochéanie]] |
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[[nds:Ozeanien]] |
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[[pl:Oceania]] |
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[[pnt:Ωκεανίαν]] |
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[[pt:Oceania]] |
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[[crh:Avstraliya ve Okeaniya]] |
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[[ro:Oceania]] |
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[[rm:Oceania]] |
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[[qu:Usiyanya]] |
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[[ru:Океания]] |
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[[rue:Океанія]] |
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[[sah:Океания]] |
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[[se:Oseania]] |
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[[sa:ओशीनिया]] |
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[[sco:Oceanie]] |
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[[stq:Ozeanien]] |
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[[nso:Oceania]] |
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[[sq:Oqeania]] |
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[[scn:Oceania]] |
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[[simple:Oceania]] |
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[[sk:Austrália a Oceánia]] |
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[[sl:Oceanija]] |
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[[szl:Uoceańijo]] |
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[[so:Ooshiyaaniya]] |
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[[ckb:ئۆقیانووسیا]] |
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[[srn:Oseyaniya]] |
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[[sr:Океанија]] |
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[[sh:Oceanija]] |
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[[fi:Oseania]] |
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[[sv:Oceanien]] |
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[[tl:Oceania]] |
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[[ta:ஓசியானியா]] |
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[[roa-tara:Oceanie]] |
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[[tt:Океанлык]] |
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[[te:ఓషియానియా]] |
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[[tet:Oseánia]] |
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[[th:โอเชียเนีย]] |
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[[vi:Châu Đại Dương]] |
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[[tg:Уқёнусия]] |
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[[tpi:Osenia]] |
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[[tr:Okyanusya]] |
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[[tk:Okeaniýa]] |
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[[uk:Океанія]] |
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[[ur:اوقیانوسیہ]] |
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[[vec:Oceania]] |
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[[vep:Okeanii]] |
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[[fiu-vro:Okõaania]] |
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[[zh-classical:大洋洲]] |
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[[war:Oceania]] |
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[[wo:Oseyaani]] |
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[[yi:אקעאניע]] |
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[[yo:Oṣéáníà]] |
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[[zh-yue:大洋洲]] |
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[[diq:Okyanusya]] |
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[[bat-smg:Okeanėjė]] |
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[[zh:大洋洲]] |
Semakan semasa pada 03:31, 14 Februari 2024
Oceania Geopolitik | |
Kawasan | 8,525,989 km2 (3,291,903 bt2) |
---|---|
Penduduk | 35,670,000 |
Negara | |
Wilayah tanggungan |
|
Bahasa | |
Zon masa | UTC+8 (Waktu Piawai Australia Barat) to UTC-6 (Pulau Easter) (barat ke timur) |
Bandar terbesar | Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Perth Auckland Adelaide |
Oceania (Tulisan Jawi: اوسيانيا) ataupun Australasia (Jawi: اوسترالاسيا) merupakan sebuah benua yang terdiri daripada negara-negara seperti Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea dan negara Kepulauan Pasifik seperti Fiji, Nauru, Kiribati, Tahiti, Samoa, Palau dan banyak lagi.
Oceania merupakan benua dengan luas daratan terkecil dan jumlah penduduk kedua terkecil setelah Antartika. Ia adalah kerana Oceania sebenarnya merupakan kumpulan pulau-pulau di Lautan Pasifik.
Peristilahan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Istilah ini diciptakan oleh seorang ahli geografi Perancis bernama Conrad Malte-Brun dengan nama Océanie pada tahun 1812.[1] Kata ini berakar daripada perkataan Bahasa Yunani ὠκεανός ōkeanós yang bermaksud "lautan" melalui bahasa Latin oceanus; pengungkapan sebegini dipilih kerana sifat menonjol rantau geografi ini yang dihubungkan melalui lautan besar.[2]
Rangkuman[sunting | sunting sumber]
Tujuan utama penggunaan terma Oceania ialah untuk membuat kenyataan mengenai sebuah rantau atau benua (seperti Asia dan Eropah) yang terletak di antara benua Asia dan benua Amerika, dengan Australia sebagai tanah besar. Penggunaan perkataan Oceania adalah untuk menunujukkan hubung kait di antara negara-negara di rantau tersebut. Oceania ialah benua terkecil di dunia dan mempunyai populasi kedua terkecil di dunia selepas benua Antartika.
Senarai negara dan wilayah[sunting | sunting sumber]
Jata | Bendera | Nama negara atau wilayah (serta negara milik) | Keluasan (km2) |
Jumlah penduduk (2016)[3] |
Kepadatan penduduk (per km2) |
Ibu negara | ISO 3166-1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australasia | |||||||
Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Australia) | 199 | ||||||
Australia | 7,686,850 | 24,125,848 | 3.1 | Canberra | AU | ||
Kepulauan Coral Sea (Australia) | 10 | 4 | 0.4 | ||||
New Zealand | 268,680 | 4,660,833 | 17.3 | Wellington | NZ | ||
Pulau Norfolk (Australia) | 35 | 2,302 | 65.8 | Kingston | NF | ||
Australasia (jumlah) | 7,955,774 | 28,788,987 | 3.6 | ||||
Melanesia | |||||||
Fiji | 18,270 | 898,760 | 49.2 | Suva | FJ | ||
New Caledonia (Perancis) | 19,060 | 272,677 | 14.3 | Nouméa | NC | ||
Papua (Indonesia) | 319,036 | 3,486,432 | 10.9 | Jayapura | |||
Papua Barat (Indonesia) | 140,375 | 760,855 | 5.4 | Manokwari | |||
Papua New Guinea | 462,840 | 8,084,991 | 17.5 | Port Moresby | PG | ||
Kepulauan Solomon | 28,450 | 21.1 | Honiara | SB | |||
Vanuatu | 12,200 | 270,402 | 22.2 | Port Vila | VU | ||
Melanesia (jumlah) | 1,000,231 | 14,373,536 | 14.4 | ||||
Mikronesia | |||||||
Persekutuan Mikronesia | 702 | 104,937 | 149.5 | Palikir | FM | ||
Guam (Amerika) | 549 | 162,896 | 296.7 | Hagåtña | GU | ||
Kiribati | 811 | 114,395 | 141.1 | South Tarawa | KI | ||
Kepulauan Marshall | 181 | 53,066 | 293.2 | Majuro | MH | ||
Nauru | 21 | 11,347 | 540.3 | Yaren (de facto) | NR | ||
Kepulauan Mariana Utara (Amerika) | 477 | 55,023 | 115.4 | Saipan | MP | ||
Palau | 458 | 21,503 | 46.9 | Ngerulmud | PW | ||
Pulau Wake (Amerika) | 2 | 150 | 75 | Wake Island | UM | ||
Mikronesia (jumlah) | 3,201 | 523,317 | 163.5 | ||||
Polynesia | |||||||
Samoa Amerika (Amerika) | 199 | 55,599 | 279.4 | Pago Pago, Fagatogo | AS | ||
Kepulauan Cook (New Zealand) | 240 | 17,379 | 72.4 | Avarua | CK | ||
Pulau Easter (Chile) | 164 | 5,761 | 35.1 | Hanga Roa | CL | ||
Polynesia Perancis (Perancis) | 4,167 | 280,208 | 67.2 | Papeete | PF | ||
Hawaii (Amerika) | 16,636 | 1,360,301 | 81.8 | Honolulu | US | ||
Niue (New Zealand) | 260 | 1,624 | 6.2 | Alofi | NU | ||
Kepulauan Pitcairn (United Kingdom) | 47 | 47 | 1 | Adamstown | PN | ||
Samoa | 2,944 | 195,125 | 66.3 | Apia | WS | ||
Tokelau (New Zealand) | 10 | 1,282 | 128.2 | Nukunonu | TK | ||
Tonga | 748 | 107,122 | 143.2 | Nukuʻalofa | TO | ||
Tuvalu | 26 | 11,097 | 426.8 | Funafuti | TV | ||
Wallis dan Futuna (Perancis) | 274 | 11,899 | 43.4 | Mata-Utu | WF | ||
Polynesia (jumlah) | 25,715 | 2,047,444 | 79.6 | ||||
Jumlah | 8,919,530 | 45,725,020 | 5.1 | ||||
Jumlah tidak termasuk Tanah Besar Australia | 1,232,680 | 21,599,172 | 16.6 |
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ "Oceania". Oxford English Dictionary (ed. 3rd). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Langganan atau keahlian perpustakaan awam UK diperlukan.)
- ^ Lyons, Paul (2006). American Pacificism: Oceania in the U.S. Imagination. m/s. 30. ISBN 9781134264155.
- ^ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (data tersuai diperlukan melalui tapak sesawang). Jabatan Hal Ehwal Ekonomi dan Sosial Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, Bahagian Populasi. Dicapai pada 10 September 2017.