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Brainstem Lesions
Now that we have talked in depth about cranial nerves and several other pathways, we are going to go back to the brainstem to look at some details.... -
Peritoneal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli triggers brainstem inflammation and alters the function of sympatho-respiratory control circuits
BackgroundSepsis has a high mortality rate due to multiple organ failure. However, the influence of peripheral inflammation on brainstem autonomic...
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Brainstem Reflexes Under General Anesthesia
The recording of brainstem reflexes under general anesthesia allows the ability to monitor the sensory and motor function of cranial nerves,... -
Long-term microglia depletion impairs synapse elimination and auditory brainstem function
Specialized sound localization circuit development requires synapse strengthening, refinement, and pruning. Many of these functions are carried out...
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How to Build a Brainstem
Close inspection of the brainstem reveals hundreds of nuclei deep within the reticular formation embedded within a multitude of climbing and... -
Fiber Anatomy of the Brainstem and Implications for Surgery of Brainstem Tumors
The anatomical design of the brainstem is one of the most fascinating and intriguing components of the human brain. The brainstem is composed of both... -
Auditory brainstem mechanisms likely compensate for self-imposed peripheral inhibition
Feedback networks in the brain regulate downstream auditory function as peripheral as the cochlea. However, the upstream neural consequences of this...
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What does “brainstem death” mean? A review of international protocols
PurposeThe term “brainstem death” is ambiguous; it can be used to refer either exclusively to loss of function of the brainstem or loss of function...
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Surgical Anatomy of the Brainstem
The declaration of the brainstem as an inoperable location was invalidated by various giants in neurosurgery, some including Epstein and McCleary,... -
Brainstem Reflexes
Surgery within the brainstem, cerebellopontine angle, or neck may result in postoperative neurological deficits, including transient difficulties in... -
Postoperative disappearance of leptomeningeal enhancement around the brainstem in glioblastoma
PurposeLeptomeningeal enhancement (LME) suggests leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) of tumor cells, which is a complication of end-stage...
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ProbaStem, a pipeline towards the first high-resolution probabilistic atlas of the whole human brainstem
The brainstem plays an essential role in many vital functions, such as autonomic control, consciousness and sleep, motricity, somatic afferent...
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Aging pattern of the brainstem based on volumetric measurement and optimized surface shape analysis
The brainstem, a small and crucial structure, is connected to the cerebrum, spinal cord, and cerebellum, playing a vital role in regulating autonomic...
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Altered maturation in brainstem neural conduction in very premature babies with fetal growth restriction
BackgroundUsing maximum length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response (MLS BAER) to study brainstem neural conduction and maturation in fetal...
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“To implant or not to implant”: electrically evoked auditory brainstem response audiometry for decision-making in vestibular schwannoma resection with CI
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are often associated with debilitating hearing loss. Therefore, preservation and rehabilitation of hearing have become...
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Brainstem networks construct threat probability and prediction error from neuronal building blocks
When faced with potential threat we must estimate its probability, respond advantageously, and leverage experience to update future estimates. Threat...
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Surgical Anatomy of the Approaches to the Brainstem
Brainstem gliomas are the most common primary tumor arising from the brainstem, accounting for around 10–15% of primary pediatric intracranial tumors... -
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
Evoked potentials are electrical responses of the sensory pathways in the nervous system to sensory or electrical stimuli. Stimulation and subsequent... -
Sex differences in brainstem structure volumes in patients with schizophrenia
Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) display moderate reductions in brainstem volumes, including the midbrain, pons, superior cerebellar peduncle, and...
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Brainstem Lesions
Now that we have talked in depth about cranial nerves and several other pathways, we are going to go back to the brainstem to look at some details....