Naming the Subject
The designation “Biomedicine” as the name of the professional medicine of the West emphasizes the fact that this is a preeminently biological medicine. As such, it can be distinguished from the professional medicines of other cultures and, like them, its designation can be considered a proper noun and capitalized. The label Biomedicine was for these reasons conferred by Gaines and Hahn (1982, Gaines and Hahn 1985) (after Engel, 1977) on what had variously been labeled “scientific medicine,” “cosmopolitan medicine,” “Western medicine,” “allopathic medicine,” and simply, “medicine” (Engel, 1980; Kleinman, 1980; Leslie, 1976; Mishler, 1981). “Medicine” as a label was particularly problematic: it effectively devalued the health care systems of other cultures as “non-medical,” “ethnomedical,” or merely “folk”—and thus inefficacious—systems based on “belief” rather than presumably certain medical “knowledge” (Good, 1994). The term “allopathic” is still often employed as...
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Gaines, A.D., Davis-Floyd, R. (2004). Biomedicine. In: Ember, C.R., Ember, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29905-X_11
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