Abstract
In the arc of a generation, physicians, chemists and pharmacists, nurses, public health specialists, community activists, patients, and their loved ones have transmuted human immunodeficiency virus infection from an illness of immense suffering and certain death into a largely manageable illness, dependent on resources and health information.
The good news has continued: increasing evidence of near normal lifespan in adherent patients in care and a reduced number of new infections in recent years.
Family physicians have a large role to play: patient care, transmission-reduction education, community health education, patient advocacy, and public health measures, all require our expertise.
Up-to-date information is essential; protocol changes and new medications require frequent updates to provide the best care:
-
www.ucsf.edu/hivcntr (warm-line: Ron Goldschmidt)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sharp PM, Hahn BH. Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2011;1(1):a006841.
United States Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.getyourprep.com. Accessed 27 Feb 2020.
Hall HI, Song R, Szwarcwald CL, Green T. Brief report: time from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus to diagnosis, United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69(2):248–51.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ending HIV transmission. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/test-treat-prevent/index.html. Accessed 27 Feb 2020.
Fox J, White PJ, Macdonald N, Weber J, McClure M, Fidler S, et al. Reductions in HIV transmission risk behaviour following diagnosis of primary HIV infection: a cohort of high-risk men who have sex with men. HIV Med. 2009;10(7):432–8.
Piot P, Quinn TC. Response to the AIDS pandemic – a global health model. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2210–8.
Moyer VA. Screening for HIV: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(1):51–60.
Rosales-Statkus ME, de la Fuente L, Fernández-Balbuena S, Figueroa C, Fernàndez-López L, Hoyos J, et al. Approval and potential use of over-the-counter HIV self-tests: the opinion of participants in a street based HIV rapid testing program in Spain. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(3):472–84.
Spielberg F, Branson BM, Goldbaum GM, Lockhart D, Kurth A, Celum CL, et al. Overcoming barriers to HIV testing: preferences for new strategies among clients of a needle exchange, a sexually transmitted disease clinic, and sex venues for men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32(3):318–27.
Branson BM, Owen SM, Wesolowski LG, Bennett B, Werner BG, Wroblewski KE, et al. Laboratory testing for the diagnosis of HIV infection: updated recommendations. Cent Dis Control Prev Assoc Public Health Lab [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2015 Sep 13]; Available from: http://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/23447/
Volk JE, Marcus JL, Phengrasamy T, Blechinger D, Nguyen DP, Follansbee S, et al. No new HIV infections with increasing use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis in a clinical practice setting. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(10):1601–3; civ778
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing new HIV infections. Resources for Clinicians. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/clinicians/prevention/prep.html. Accessed 27 Feb 2020.
Ford N, Mayer KH, Barlow L, Bagyinszky F, Calmy A, Chakroun M, et al. World Health Organization guidelines on postexposure prophylaxis for HIV: recommendations for a public health approach. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(Suppl 3):S161–4.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. [Internet]. [cited 2015 Sep 20]. Available from: http://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/20711
Tyerman Z, Aboulafia DM. Review of screening guidelines for non-AIDS-defining malignancies: evolving issues in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Rev. 2012;14(1):3–16.
https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/3/perinatal/170/teratogenicity. Last accessed 27 Feb 2020.
https://www.hivguidlines.org/sti-care/hpv-infection. Last accessed 27 Feb 2020.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/health/aids-cure-london-patient.html. Last accessed 27 Feb 2020.
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-two-drug-comp. Last accessed 27 Feb 2020.
https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/513/cabotegravir/0/patient. Last accessed 27 Feb 2020.
Carr A. HIV lipodystrophy: risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. AIDS. 2003;17:S141–8.
Gupta AK, Daigle D, Foley KA. The prevalence of culture-confirmed toenail onychomycosis in at-risk patient populations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(6):1039–44.
Lai TY, Wong RL, Luk FO, Chow VW, Chan CK, Lam DS. Ophthalmic manifestations and risk factors for mortality of HIV patients in the post-highly active anti-retroviral therapy era. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011;39(2):99–104.
Crothers K, Huang L, Goulet JL, Goetz MB, Brown ST, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al. HIV infection and risk for incident pulmonary diseases in the combination antiretroviral therapy era. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(3):388–95.
Islam FM, Wu J, Jansson J, Wilson DP. Relative risk of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV Med. 2012;13(8):453–68.
Bogoch I, Andrews J, Nagami E, Rivera A, Gandhi R, Stone D. Clinical predictors for the aetiology of peripheral lymphadenopathy in HIV-infected adults. HIV Med. 2013;14(3):182–6.
Arenas-Pinto A, Grant A, Bhaskaran K, Copas A, Carr A, Worm SW, et al. Risk factors for fatality in HIV-infected patients with dideoxynucleoside-induced severe hyperlactataemia or lactic acidosis. Antivir Ther. 2011;16(2):219.
Raza S, Chaudhry NA, Brown JD, Aghaie S, Rezai D, Khan A, et al. To study the clinical, biochemical and radiological features of acute pancreatitis in HIV and AIDS. J Clin Med Res. 2013;5(1):12–7.
Kumar MSA, Sierka DR, Damask AM, Fyfe B, McAlack RF, Heifets M, et al. Safety and success of kidney transplantation and concomitant immunosuppression in HIV-positive patients. Kidney Int. 2005;67(4):1622–9.
McComsey GA, Tebas P, Shane E, Yin MT, Overton ET, Huang JS, et al. Bone disease in HIV infection: a practical review and recommendations for HIV care providers. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(8):937–46.
Brown P, Crane L. Avascular necrosis of bone in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: report of 6 cases and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(8):1221–6.
Meeker RB, Asahchop E, Power C. The brain and HAART: collaborative and combative connections. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2014;9(6):579–84.
Mandelbrot L, Tubiana R, Le Chenadec J, Dollfus C, Faye A, Pannier E, et al. No perinatal HIV-1 transmission from women with effective antiretroviral therapy starting before conception. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(11):1715–25;civ578
Doherty T, Chopra M, Jackson D, Goga A, Colvin M, Persson L-A. Effectiveness of the WHO/UNICEF guidelines on infant feeding for HIV-positive women: results from a prospective cohort study in South Africa. AIDS. 2007;21(13):1791–7.
Adato M, Kadiyala S, Roopnaraine T, Biermayr-Jenzano P, others. Studies of vulnerable children and orphans in three provinces in South Africa. 2015 [cited 2015 Sep 13]; Available from: http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=QB2015104565
Quinn TC, Overbaugh J. HIV/AIDS in women: an expanding epidemic. Science. 2005;308(5728):1582–3.
Martin CP, Fain MJ, Klotz SA. The older HIV-positive adult: a critical review of the medical literature. Am J Med. 2008;121(12):1032–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Goodman, M.D. (2022). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In: Paulman, P.M., Taylor, R.B., Paulman, A.A., Nasir, L.S. (eds) Family Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54441-6_44
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54441-6_44
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-54440-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-54441-6
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine