TECHNICAL REPORT
IMPORTED FROM UE
INDEX 1 Presentation 2 Origin 3 Composition and physico-chemical features 4 BeneďŹ ts of Stym 25 application in crops 5 Stym 25 and iron nutrition 6 Recommendations of use by crops 7 I.S.I. activator disease resistance
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1 Presentation STYM 25 is made with amino acids gotten from the enzymatic hydrolysis. at makes more effective than other products which come from a chemical process. It is recommendable for all kind of crops and at any time of the year, especially when the plants need an extra energy input: PRE-FLOWERING FRUIT SETTING FRUIT SIZING VEGETATIVE GROWTH THERMAL, HYDRIC AND SALINE MORE DIFFICULT UPTAKE AND EFFICIENCY
GOOD UPTAKE AND EFFICIENCY Its formula makes the plant nutrient uptake be faster. It activates the microbial flora in the soil providing vitamins and other substances. e amino acids facilitate the uptake of micronutrients of micronutrients that are blocked in the soil. STYM 25 is the only product in the market that incorporates I.S.I.(Inmunological System Initiator) from salicylate derivates that boost the plant resistance to diseases.
Packaging
1L
5L
20L
200L
1000L
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2 Origin STYM 25 formulation, with amino acids extracted from the enzymatic hydrolysis, makes this bio-activator much more effective than any other amino acids which come from a chemical process or the ones that come from alkaline or acid hydrolysis. Its natural ingredients make a product harmless for health, although it has to be used following the guidelines. It can’t be mixed with cupric, sulphur or oily products. e process (Enzymatic hydrolysis) is made by protein enzymes acting over the Casein (a protein with great biological value). is process makes the protein soluble but without denaturating it. All the amino acids that are obtain by the hydrolysis are highly soluble and they take part in the growing process of the plants.
STYM 25 OBTAINED BY ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS
AMINO ACIDS OBTAINED BY ACID OR ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS
20 essential amino acids are uptaken.
16-18 amino acids are obtained.
All the amino acids are in the L-form (natural form) and are rapidly and easily absorbed by the plants.
Not all the amino acids are in the L-amino acids, some are in D-shape, which cannot be absorbed.
No cycling of Glutamates, which is important for metabolism energy.
Cycling of Glutamates.
No destruction of Asparagine, which is involved in plant respiration.
Destruction of Asparagine.
Tryptophan in L-form, which initiates the synthesis of auxins (growth hormones).
e tryptophan is destroyed, affecting the synthesis of auxins.
Serine and theronine in L-shape.
Serine and theronine are partially destroyed.
Aspartic and glutamic acid, which are two of the most important amino acids, are availablle.
Aspartic and glutamic acids are not in an available form for plants.
Not form amides. Great biological and nutritive value.
Nitrogen amines are formed. e biological and nutritional value is severely
No presence of inorganic nitrogen (ammonium cloride).
Inorganic nitrogen is present as ammonium chloride.
Low dosages.
High dosages.
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3 Composition and physico-chemical features BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES Amino acids are part of plants; they are the structural unit of the protein. Proteins are organic compounds that take part in DNA synthesis, hormonal and metabolic processes related to the different phenological stages of the plant as well as in the fruit development.
Description Solubility (water 25º) Extract dry pH Density g/L Phytotoxic substances Stability
Dark liquid 100% soluble 44- 46% 6-7 1,16 absent 3 years
AMINO ACID All amino acids
STYM 25 provides the ideal quantity of amino acids the plant needs to achieve an increase in production, to improve the quality and also avoid the negative effects of heavy metal accumulation in the soil, iron-induced chlorosis, low temperatures, etc...
Glycine Glutamic acid
% w/v
Free aminoacids Total Nitrogen (N) Organic Carbon ISI (Disease-Resistance Activator) pH Density
25,0 2,5 14,4 3,0
6,7 1,16
FUNCTIONS Protein synthesis DNA synthesis, alcaloid metabolism Chlorophyll synthesis
Tryptophane
Auxin and phytoalexin precursor
Methionine
Ethylen and polyamine precursor
Aspartate, glutamine and glutamate Proline
e present free amino acids make that STYM 25 has numerous positive effects on the plant. ASPEAGRO guarantees the composition and contents.
COMPOSITION
Serine Alanine Leucine, lysine, tryptophane, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and glycine Phenylalanine Tyrosine
N and C storage amino acids, transport amino acids Stress metabolism, flowering Precursor glycine betaine, stress metabolism Precursor of certain antibiotics in some species Alcaloid metabolism, plant protection against pests and stress Salicylic acid production, stress and disease prevention Glucosinolate precursors “Phytoalexins”
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4 Benefits of Stym 25 application in crops (1 of 2) POSITIVE EFFECTS FOR PLANTS Vegetal and root development Nutritional enhancer Improve foliar uptake
Bioactivator for processes • Germination, development, sprouting, flowering and fruit growing.
Maduration
POSITIVE EFFECTS FOR THE SOIL Activator of microbial flora. Chelating effect, helping the uptake of micronutrients. Activation of sugar and polyphenol uptake. Improves organic matter breakdown.
• Fruit formation and fattening • More quality in fruits • Higher performance
Antistress effects: • Biotic (Insects, fungi, etc…) • Abiotic (low temperatures, hydric, salt)
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4 Benefits of Stym 25 application in crops (2 of 2) OTHER POSITIVE EFFECTS FROST RESISTANCE
DECREASES OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION
e increased protein synthesis is reflected in energy savings that the plant uses to fight against low temperatures.
ese metals can combine with localised compounds localised in the root zone (amino acids), decreasing the toxicity of those elements on the plant.
DROUGHT RESISTANCE
Some amino acids favor the water balance of the plant, increasing its resistance in times of drought.
DECREASE OF IRON CHLOROSIS EFFECT
e chelating action of the amino acids increase the amount of iron that the plant is able to assimilate.
INCREASES:
YIELD
NUTRIENT UPTAKE
ROOT SYSTEM
THE SEED GERMINATION
INMUNOLOGICAL SYSTEM ACTION OF THE CROPS
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5 Stym 25 and iron nutrition (1 of 2) Iron is the fourth most common element on the earth’s crust, however a lack of this element in plants is often the main cause of nutritional problems that a crop can undergo. e causes of iron chlorosis are complex, but it usually appears in sensitive crops in soils with a high pH level and with a high limestone content; under these circumstances, even though iron is abundant in the earth’s crust, it precipitates in the ferric oxides form, isn’t available for the plant. e most commonly used iron-based fertilizers are synthetic chelates, that although are expensive, they are the most effective at keeping the iron soluble in the soil even when the environment is not the most favourable. Nevertheless, these chelates are only effective in the soil level are not once the iron is introduced inside the plant.
Amino acids also form chelates with iron and although they are not as stable as synthetic chelates, they have a radicular effect promoting the development of absorbent hair and increasing membrane permeability, demostrating a synergic effect in combination with iron. Furthermore, it keeps the activity inside the plant, allowing a greater movement into the leaves. e iron inside the plant can remain still becoming part of the reserve substances (fitoferritine), and level increase in the cells reducing the quantity of soluble iron. e accumulation of acid substances, such as amino acids, is a response that some plants have to decrease the cellular pH and maintain a higher quantity of soluble iron.
Amino acids have a radicular effect promoting the development of absorbent hair and increasing membrane permeability.
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5 Stym 25 and iron nutrition (2 of 2) is research is carried out in cropsthat are specially sensitive to iron chlorosis, such as citrus. With the application of iron chelates Fe-EDDHA along with amino acids, a higher iron concentration in the leaves is obtained, correcting the effects of the chlorosis in the plant.
ASPEAGRO together with the University of Alicante, the National Agrarian University - La Molina (Lima- Peru) and e University Federico II (Naples - Italy) are developing the field of research: ‘‘ e study of amino acids as synergetic action compounds with iron chelates.’’
140
150
120 100 80
130 123
1250 143
125
1000
1028
123 110
*
100
83 83
88 84
119
75
60
50
40
25
20
Fe +
Fe
750 740 500
Fe
Fe +
250 0
I
II
III
Figure 1. ppm Fe Lemon Leaf
*
IV Figure 2. Average weight gr/fruit lemon
Figure 3. Vitamin C mg/100 ml. In lemon fruit.
Fe Fe +
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6 Recommendations of use by crops Foliar crops Banana Tree
Lawn
Corn Time of application
Dose cc/100L
Applied every 15 days
250
Actions
Time of application An application on plants between 2040 cm height
Reduces the effects of cold, water, salt, nutritional stress
100 - 200
Vegetative development
Time of application
Dose cc/100L
From stem elongation until ear emergence
200 - 300
After abiotic stress (temperature, water...) and biotic.
400
Time of application
Actions Vegetative development
Citrus Dose cc/100L
Actions
Start of flowering
200
Stress resistance
Falling petals / fruit setting (with Gibberellines)
250
Improves the action of
Fruit sizing
250
10 days after sprouting
300
Increase production
First flower
300
Vegetative development
20 days after
300
Dose cc/100L Actions
the chelates
Petals fall
255
Induces pre-flowering
Fruit sizing
300
Better fruit setting Less fruit drop
400
Time of application
200
After frost
150 - 200
Vegetative development
At the beginning of vegetation and after each cut
Dose cc/100L Actions 150-200
Vegetative development
Nuts Swollen buds
With micronutrients: Fe, Zn, Mn 300
Time of application
Dose cc/100L Actions
Fruit Trees Time of application
At the beginning of the vegetation and development of the crop
Dose cc/100L Actions
Lucerne
Cotton
Cereal
Time of application
Dose cc/100L Actions
Prevents deformation of the fruit Improves the action of the gibberellic acid
Time of application
Dose cc/100L Actions
Swollen buds
250
Resistance to stress
Petal fall
250
Fruit sizing
250
Improvement action of chelats
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6 Recommendations of use by crops Foliar crops Olive
Rice Time of application
Dose cc/100L Actions
Beginning of spring move
250
Flowering
250
Pea-sized olive
250
Beginning autumn move
250
After frost
400
Greatest Olive size Greatest oil yield
Table Grape Time of application
Dose cc/100L
In combination with fungicide treatment
250-350
Greatest growing in autum
Time of application
Better yield crop
Beginning of move
250
Resistance to stress
Enhances the protective
Beginning of bloom
250
effect of fungicides.
Grape
250
Improvement the action of chelates
Strawberry Time of application
Dose cc/100L Actions
Time of application
Dose cc/100L
Resistance to stress
Transplantation
200
Improvement size
Apply every 15 days
200
Improvement action of chelates
Beginning of bloom
200
Colouring of the fruit
app. Every 15 days
200
Vegetative development Reduces effect of cold
From leaf develop ment until stem elongation
200 - 300
Yield and quality
Dose cc/100L
App. Every 15 days
250
Actions Favors rooted Vegetative development Reduces the stress of transplantation
Vegetables
Sunflower Dose cc/100L Actions
Time of application
Actions
200
Time of application
Actions
Tubers
Transplantation
Rape
Dose cc/100L
Reduce the lodging
Better fruit setting
Ornamental
Actions
Time of application Beginning of bloom Grape
Dose cc/100L 200 200
Dose cc/100L
Actions
Time of application
Increase in production
Transplant
200-250
Improved sproutling and ripening
Inicial development
200-300
Beginning of flowering
200-300
Beginning of fructification
200-300
Abiotic stress (salinity or high tempretures)
200-400
After frost
400
Actions Minimize water stress Improves the plant growth Better fruit setting Better fruit size and color Reduces stress due to low temperatures
*In greenhouse use lower doses
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6 Recommendations of use by crops Soil crops Corn
Banana Tree Time of application
Dose L/Ha
Begining of spring (3-4 months)
6
Nuts
Actions
Time of application
Improves the plant growth Improves root development Better harvest yield
An application with plants between 15-20 cm height
Dose L/Ha 2-4
Actions Yield and quality
Time of application
Dose L/Ha
Actions
In Spring at the start of vegetation until the end of tillering
2-3
Inicial development, yield and vitality
Time of application 10 days after sprouting
Total: 15 - 20 L/Ha
Dose L/Ha
Time of application
Dose L/Ha
Start of flowering
12
Falling petals / Fruit setting (with Gibberellines)
12
Fruit sizing
12
Actions
Swollen bud
5
Higher production
Petal fall
5
Increased curd
Fruit sizing
5
Invigorates the tree
6
First flower
6
20 days after
6
Time of application
Dose L/Ha
Actions
Improves the rooted
Beginning of move
18
Best bud
Speeds up production
Flowering
18
More flowering
Fattening olive
18
Best fertilization
Actions
Fruit Trees
Citrus
Dose L/Ha
Olive
Cotton
Cereal
Time of application
Ornamental Actions
Time of application
5
Increases production
To transplant
4
Fruits setting
5
Best bud
Improving the rooted and germination
Fruit development
5
Reduces effects of stress
Apply every 15 days
4
Greater number of flowers
Actions
Time of application
Stress resistance Improves the action of the chelates. Better fruit setting Less fruit drop
Pre-blossom
Dose L/Ha
Dose L/Ha
Actions
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6 Recommendations of use by crops Soil crops Sunflower
Rape Time of application 1-2 times from the 4 leaf stage
Dose L/Ha 4-5
Vegetables
Actions
Time of application
Yield and quality
1-2 times from the 6-7 leaves stage.
Rice
Dose L/Ha 4-5
Actions
Time of application
Yield and quality
Table and wine grape Time of application In combination with fungicide treatment
Dose L/Ha 250-350
Actions
Time of application
Better yield crop
Beginning of bloom
2,0
Increase in production
Enhances the protective
Grape
2,0
Improved sproutling and ripening
Dose L/Ha
effect of fungicides.
Time of application
Actions
2-3
Inicial development
3-4
Beginning of flowering
3-4
Beginning of fructification
3-4
Abiotic stress (salinity or high tempretures)
4-5
Time of application
Dose L/Ha
Minimize water stress Improves the plant growth Better fruit setting Better fruit size and color Reduces stress due to low temperatures
*In greenhouse use lower doses
Vid Time of application Split into 5-10L/Ha applications throughout the cycle
Table grape Dose L/Ha
Transplant
Actions
Actions
Reduce the lodging
Strawberry / Berry
Dose L/Ha
Dose L/Ha 20 - 30
Actions Vegetative development
Actions
Transplantation
4
Better rooted
Beginning of move
5
Increased production
Beginning of flowering
4
More flowers
Beginning of bloom
5
Improving the sprouting
Apply every 10 days
4
Improvement the action of chelates
Grape
5
Larger cluster
12
6 Recommendations of use by crops Fertirrigation Banana Tree
Olive Time of application
Dose ml/tree
Begining of spring (3-4 months)
2-3
Dose ml/tree
Actions
Time of application
Improves the plant growth Improves root development Better harvest yield
Beginning of spring move
20
Flowering
20
Pea-sized olive
20
Beginning autum move
20
Actions Greatest Olive size Greatest oil yield Greatest growing in autum
Table and Wine Grape Time of application
Citrus
Beginning of bloom
Time of application
Dose ml/tree
Actions
Beginning of flowering
Start of flowering
10
Stress resistance
Pea-sized olive
Falling petals / fruit setting (with Gibberellines)
10
Improves the action of the chelates
Fruit sizing
10
Induces pre-flowering
With micronutrients: Fe, Zn, Mn
12-15
Better fruit setting
After frost
15-20
Less fruit drop
Dose l/Ha Actions 6
Better Fruit setting Increase in final production
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I.S.I. (Inmunological System Initiator) activator disease resistance (1 of 2)
When a plant is infected by an organic pathogen (a producer of disease: virus, bacteria, fungus...) the following can occur: A. In susceptible plants. e reproduction of the pathogen is not limited, which spreads through the plant causing considerable damage, and even the death of the plant. is lack of resistance can result in an incapacity of the plant to identify the infecting organism and implement successful self-defense mechanisms. B. In resistant plants. is identificator does take place, and then put in action pysiological and biochemical mechanisms which limit the spreead of the pathogen to restricted zones, therefore avoiding the damage that could occur.
e process is process is called: HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE (HR) and it is comprised of two processes: 1. Pathogen isolation to a limited zone, close to the infected area. 2. Necrosis (death) of the tissue surrounding the infected area
HOW TO ACTIVATE THE SELF-DEFENSE MECHANISM:
PLANT’S
Barrier
Pathogens (Plague)
Current evidence, derived from multiple scientific studies (Stevenson, 1994; Bergmann, 1992; Sánchez-Andreu 2000), demonstrate that between these self-defence instigators, a group of compounds can be found, synthesised by the plants and therefore not alien to them: e polyphenols, little molecules made up of an aromatic ring substituted for hydroxyl groups (OH), or their derivatives
OH R
e effects of these compounds on plants are diverse: In this way, they influence the germination, flowering, and growth of the fruit, closing of stomates and glycolysis. But in the last few years, it has laso been shown that a group of these phenolic compounds, the derivatives of salicylic acids (salicylates) are the instigators of the HR self-defence mechanism. at is to say when an infection is produced, if I.S.I. (Inmunological System Initiator) salicylates are present within, these initiate a series of biochemical and physiological processes in the plant, which results in the detection, isolation and elimination of the infection.
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I.S.I. (Inmunological System Initiator) activator disease resistance (2 of 2)
Other eects of I.S.I. Salicylate derivatives forming part of the molecules that we have called I.S.I. have other beneďŹ ts on the plant in addition to activate the resistance to diseases since it has an impact on the following:
How the barrier acts: Without I.S.I.
Plant
A. STIMULATES Growth and plant development. Photosynthesis and perspiration. Take and transport of nutrients. B. PROTECTS Front to ozone and ultraviolet light. C. REDUCES Oxidative stress. Saline stress. Osmotic stress.
I.S.I. detects infection and active barrier Based on these principles, ASPEAGRO, adds to its range of products STYM MIX 25 (extract amino acids, obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis) a group of molecules registered by ASPEAGRO S.L., and called I.S.I., capable of the various functions that we have just seen. is confers STYM MIX 25 an additional, unique advantage in the world market, which makes it doubly recommended.
Patogens (Plague) Virus Bacteria
With I.S.I.
Plant Patogens (Plague) Virus Bacteria
Barrier
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ASPE AGROBIOLÓGICO S.L. (Alicante) Spain
For more information: export@aspeagro.com gm@aspeagro.com www.aspeagro.com