www.fgks.org   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

Central Nahuatl

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. Marks a verb's habitual or customary present tense.

Classical Nahuatl

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. Marks a verb's habitual or customary present tense.

Derived terms

edit

Curripaco

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. third person singular masculine patient marker

References

edit
  • Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

Finnish

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Originally the first-person possessive suffix for words in plural, with -mi used for singular words; the latter is now only found in dialects. Compare Erzya (-m).

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. (possessive) First-person singular possessive suffix used with or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun my
    (minun) kirjanimy book(s)
    (minun) valaanimy whale(s) (nominative singular/plural or genitive singular) / my oath (partitive or illative singular)
    1. (possessive) Appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), me
      (minun) edessäniin front of me
      (minun) takananibehind me
    2. (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause
      Sanoin tekeväni läksyjäni. (similar to the Latin structure accusativus cum infinitivo, e.g. se dicit facere)
      I said that I was doing my homework.
    3. (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause.
      Väitin tehneeni läksyjäni.
      I claimed to have been doing my homework.
    4. (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive.
      Tehdessäni läksyjäni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.
      (While) doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.
    5. (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular.
      Tehtyäni läksyni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.
      (After) having done / After doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.
    6. (possessive) Used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the long first infinitive.
      Tehdäkseni läksyni hyvin (minä) menin hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
      (In order) to do my homework well, I went into a quiet room.
    7. (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "I"
      Olen hyvin pahoillani siitä.
      I am very sorry about it.
    8. (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "I".
      Kävelin kirjoineni ovesta ulos.
      I walked with my books out the door.

Usage notes

edit
  • The possessive suffix -ni is compulsory in standard Finnish. In standard Finnish, when expressing ownership or before a postposition, the genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun minä before the main word can be omitted. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -ni is very rare and only the genitive form minun (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
  • Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (house) > taloon (into a/the house) > taloosi (into your house).
  • The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.

See also

edit

Anagrams

edit

Garo

edit

Etymology

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. (inflectional suffix) forms the genitive case

See also

edit
  • -na (forms dative)
  • -ko (forms accusative)
  • -chi (forms instrumental)
  • -no (forms locative)

Hungarian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. (infinitive suffix) Forms the infinitive.
    ad (give) + ‎-ni → ‎adni (to give)
  2. Forms the concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -nak/-nek.
    Elindulni elindul, de rögtön le is áll.It does start, but it turns off right away.
  3. (somewhat dated or literary, with the omission of lehet) one can…, it is possible to…
    Innen már látni a falut.One can already see the village from here.

Usage notes

edit
  • (infinitive suffix) Variants:
    -ni is added to most verbs
    ad (give) + ‎-ni → ‎adni (to give)
    -ani is added to back-vowel verbs ending in -ít or in two consonants
    tanít (teach) + ‎-ani → ‎tanítani (to teach)
    akaszt (hang) + ‎-ani → ‎akasztani (to hang)
    bont (demolish) + ‎-ani → ‎bontani (to demolish)
    -eni is added to front-vowel verbs ending in -ít or in two consonants
    veszít (lose) + ‎-eni → ‎veszíteni (to lose)
    ijeszt (frighten) + ‎-eni → ‎ijeszteni (to frighten)
    csökkent (reduce) + ‎-eni → ‎csökkenteni (to reduce)
    -nni is added to verbs with variant stems
    vesz (buy) + ‎-nni → ‎venni (to buy)
    eszik (eat) + ‎-nni → ‎enni (to eat)

See also

edit

Icelandic

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni f

  1. Nominalizes a verb or adjective.
    ákveða (to decide) + ‎-ni → ‎ákveðni (decisiveness)
    samkvæmur (consistent) + ‎-ni → ‎samkvæmni (consistency)

Derived terms

edit

Karelian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Cognates include Finnish -ni.

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. Used to mark the possession of the first person; my, our
    jalka (leg)jalkani (my leg, our legs)

Derived terms

edit
Category Karelian terms suffixed with -ni not found

References

edit
  • P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 47

Maltese

edit

Etymology

edit

From Arabic ـنِي (-nī).

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni m or f

  1. 1st-person singular pronominal suffix, attached to verbs: me
    Synonyms: -i, (only in possessive use) tiegħi
    jinsa (he forgets) + ‎-ni → ‎jinsieni (he forgets me)
edit

Mecayapan Nahuatl

edit

Etymology

edit

Cognate with Classical Nahuatl -ni.

Verb

edit

-ni

  1. Forms agent nouns from verbs.

Derived terms

edit

Old Irish

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Celtic *snīs (we) (compare Welsh ni).

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. 1st person plural emphatic suffix

Derived terms

edit

See also

edit

Old Norse

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. positive degree weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (adjective suffix)
  2. weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (participle suffix)
  3. third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of -na (inchoative verb suffix)

Old Polish

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nь.

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. forms adjectives

Derived terms

edit

Polish

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Old Polish -ni.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ɲi/
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: ni

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. forms adjectives
    żyto + ‎-ni → ‎żytni
  2. forms masculine adjectives relating to place
    wschód + ‎-ni → ‎wschodni

Declension

edit

Derived terms

edit

Quechua

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. First-person singular subject.
    rimay (to speak)ñuqa rimani (I speak)
  2. Epenthetic suffix inserted between consonant clusters.
    yachachiq (teacher) +‎ -y (my) → *yachachiqyyachachiqniy (my teacher)

See also

edit

Romani

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Sanskrit -इनी (-inī). Cognate with Hindi -नी (-nī).

Suffix

edit

-ni f

  1. A suffix used to make a female form, similar to -ette or -ess in English
    grast (horse) + ‎-ni → ‎grasni (mare)
    thagar (king) + ‎-ni → ‎thagarni (queen)

Suffix

edit

-ni f

  1. female equivalent of -no
    siklǒvel (study) + ‎-ni → ‎siklǒvni (female student)

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “-ni”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 130

Serbo-Croatian

edit

Etymology

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit

IPA(key): /niː/

Suffix

edit

-nī (Cyrillic spelling -нӣ)

  1. added to nouns to form a relational adjective
    Synonyms: -skī, -jī
    kȕća + ‎-ni → ‎kȕćnī

Derived terms

edit

Sicilian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. added to words that are stressed on the final syllable to move stress to the penultimate syllable
    accussìaccussini (in this way)
    accuḍḍìaccuḍḍini (in that other way)
    appassìappassini (in the meanwhile)
    tutuni (you)
    ccaccani (here)
    ḍḍàḍḍàni (over there)
    èèni (it is)
    ḍḍàḍḍàni (over there)
    pirchìpirchini (why/because)

Swahili

edit
Other scripts
Ajami ـنِ

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. Second person plural:
    you, (archaic) ye
  2. With nouns, indicates location: in/inside, at, on
    nyumbaniat home, in the house
    mezanion the table
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 6:
      نِيَضِهِرِشِ يَغُ مَقَالِ ، اَبَيُ مُيُوْنِ نِقُصُدِيِ
      Niyaḍihirishe yangu maqali, ambayo moyoni niquṣudiye.
      Let me set forth the plan which I have in my heart.

Usage notes

edit
  • (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the direct imperative to form the plural. With native (Bantu)/nativized verbs in -a, vowel changes to -e:
    Kisomeni (Read it!) (from soma)
    Jibuni (Answer!) (from jibu)
  • (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the class 1 (personal) object affix -wa- to disambiguate the second-person plural from the third person plural; verbs in -a change this to -e before the affix:
    Niliwasomeeni (I read to you) vs. Niliwasomea (I read to them)

Warlpiri

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 5 to indicate non-past tense

Welsh

edit

Etymology

edit

Cognate with Cornish -ni.

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni m

  1. forming abstract nouns, -ness, -ment
    glas (blue, green) + ‎-ni → ‎glesni (blueness, chlorosis)
    llwyd (grey) + ‎-ni → ‎llwydni (greyness, mould)
    moel (bald) + ‎-ni → ‎moelni (baldness)
    rhwd (rust) + ‎-ni → ‎rhydni (rustiness, rubigo)

Usage notes

edit

-ni causes i-affection of internal vowels.

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ni”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Zaghawa

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. family (used in compounds)

References

edit

Zulu

edit

Etymology 1

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

-ni

  1. what
    Udlani?What are you eating?
    Yini lokhu?What is this?
Usage notes
edit

Unlike other pronouns, -ni always appears attached to another word. However, it does have a copulative form yini.

Etymology 2

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit

Suffix

edit

-ni

  1. Forms the plural of the imperative of verbs.

References

edit