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==== Influence of pharmaceutical companies [edit] ====
Pharmaceutical companies are a leading influence in the expansion of the Medical-Industrial Complex.<ref name="Lexchin-2003">{{cite journal |last1=Lexchin |first1=J. |date=29 May 2003 |title=Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review |journal=BMJ |volume=326 |issue=7400 |pages=1167–1170 |doi=10.1136/bmj.326.7400.1167 |pmc=156458 |pmid=12775614}}</ref> Generic pharmaceutical drugs, which have the same chemical properties as branded, profitable drugs, are often sold for a fraction of the cost of their counterparts.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McCormack |first1=James |last2=Chmelicek |first2=John T. |date=October 2014 |title=Generic versus brand name: the other drug war |journal=Canadian Family Physician |volume=60 |issue=10 |pages=911 |pmc=4196814 |pmid=25316744}}</ref> For example, a 10 mg dose of asthma medication [[Singulair]] can cost up to $250 per month, whereas its [[Generic drug|generic]] counterpart [[Montelukast]] costs only ~$20 per month.<ref>"UpToDate". ''www.uptodate.com''. Retrieved 2022-10-17.{{full citation needed|date=November 2022}}</ref> <s>The [[Inflation|inflated]] prices of brand-name drugs contributes to a worsening health climate where certain patients can barely afford their monthly medications. This creates long-term cycles of poverty and lack of resources for patients and those who depend upon them.</s><ref name="Wohl">Wohl, Stanley. ''The Medical Industrial Complex / Stanley Wohl.'' First edition. New York: Harmony Book, 1984: 85–98</ref>
Despite the [[Inflation|inflated]] prices of brand-name drugs, pharmaceutical companies often induce [[bias]] in health care professionals by disproportionately promoting brand-name drugs
In addition to drugs, [[Laboratory Tests]] are also influenced by [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical company]]'s vested interests. Physicians are more likely to order unnecessary tests when they are advertised by familiar pharmaceutical companies.<ref name="Pattison-1983">{{cite journal |last1=Pattison |first1=Robert V. |last2=Katz |first2=Hallie M. |date=11 August 1983 |title=Investor-Owned and Not-for-Profit Hospitals: A Comparison Based on California Data |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=309 |issue=6 |pages=347–353 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198308113090606 |pmid=6346098}}</ref> Like branded drugs, many pharmaceutical companies
▲Despite the [[Inflation|inflated]] prices of brand-name drugs, pharmaceutical companies often induce [[bias]] in health care professionals by disproportionately promoting brand-name drugs: For example, research has shown that pharmaceutical companies promote branded drugs more, <s>performed with pharmaceutical-company funding is more likely to produce favorable results that can extend to physicians who become more likely to promote their product. This suggests that pharmaceutical companies can produce bias in physicians and the studies that support physician's choices. These effects manifest in physicians, who are</s> making physicians more likely to prescribe an expensive medicine over a generic alternative. <s>if they are familiar with the drug brand.</s>
==== Influence of chain hospitals[edit]-- NO CITATIONS YET ====▼
▲In addition to drugs, [[Laboratory Tests]] are also influenced by [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical company]]'s vested interests. Physicians are more likely to order unnecessary tests when they are advertised by familiar pharmaceutical companies. Like branded drugs, many pharmaceutical companies set these tests at inflated prices <s>in an effort</s> to increase profit.
▲==== Influence of chain hospitals[edit] ====
Chain hospitals, in collaboration with [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical companies]], lead to the escalation of [[Health economics|health costs]]. A chain hospital is a subsidiary of a [[hospital network]] that works under a for-profit goal of expanding healthcare and establishing hospitals across a country, most notably the United States. These corporations set standards regarding care administration, regulation, and enforcement– often without implementing a proper code of [[medical ethics]]. Chain hospitals and other healthcare conglomerates hold a monopoly over health care costs within their hospitals and respective [[Subsidiary|subsidiaries]]. Thus, they can [[Inflation|inflate]] healthcare costs with the goal to increase [[Profit (economics)|profit]], or lower [[Standard of care|hospital standards]] to cut corners where necessary. This cost inflation is exacerbated by the fact that <s>the management of</s> [[Health care organization|health care organizations]] are increasingly managed by business staff rather, who often focus on economic gain, than local medical practitioners, whose focus is patient benefit <s>is one of the trends of the increasing influence of the medical-industrial complex</s>. Moreover, hospitals in one state can be monitored by systems elsewhere, which give significantly less power to local [[Health professional|healthcare professionals]]. Reduced agency in turn decreases the personal relationships physicians can form with patients. <s>Physicians who know their local government and people can feel less obligated to support the members of their community. Standards set by chain hospitals also set compliance rules, disclosures, and regulations that are oftentimes unattainable by healthcare professionals. Overall, chain hospitals are structured with a goal of profit in mind that often disregard the physicians and healthcare professionals that play a front-line role in [[Treatment as prevention|treatment]], prevention, and [[detection]]. Chain hospitals are often associated with [[For-profit hospital|for-profit hospitals]].</s>
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