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1,000,000 Argentines of ukrainians people
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{{short description|Argentines of Ukrainian birth or descent}}
{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = January 2019}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| flag = {{flagicon|Argentina}} {{flagicon|Ukraine}}
| group = Ukrainian Argentines<br><small>''Ucraniano-argentinos''</small>
| group = Ukrainian Argentines
| population = 300,000–500,000<ref>[http://www.ucrania.com/Articulos/tabid/57/ctl/Details/mid/388/ItemID/1/language/en-US/Default.aspx, Ucrania.com] {{es icon}}</ref>
| native_name = {{native name|uk|Українці aргентини}}<br>{{native name|es|Ucraniano-argentinos}}
 
| population = ''30,000''' (by birth, 2023)<ref name='RENAPER 2023'>{{cite web |title=Datos sociodemográficos por país de nacimiento |url=https://estadisticas.renaper.gob.ar/app_extranjeros/ |website=RENAPER - Dirección Nacional de Población |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref><br>'''+1,000,000''' (by ancestry)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131227233709/http://www.ucrania.com/Articulos/tabid/57/ctl/Details/mid/388/ItemID/1/language/en-US/Default.aspx Ucrania.com] {{in lang|es}}</ref><ref name="laizquierda">{{cite web | url=https://www.laizquierdadiario.com/La-inmigracion-ucraniana-en-Argentina | title=Entre mates y acordeones. La inmigración ucraniana en Argentina }}</ref><ref name="lanacion">{{cite web | url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/ucranianos-en-la-argentina-los-motivos-del-exodo-la-region-donde-echaron-raices-y-las-costumbres-que-nid02032022/ | title=Ucranianos en la Argentina: Los motivos del éxodo, la región donde echaron raíces a fines de 1800 y las costumbres que perduran | date=March 2, 2022 }}</ref><ref name="lanacion2">{{cite web | url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/lifestyle/ucranianos-en-argentina-son-300-mil-como-viven-la-amenaza-de-guerra-con-rusia-a-la-distancia-tememos-nid25012022/ | title="Tememos a las locuras de Putin". Ucranianos en la Argentina: Son 300 mil, cómo viven la amenaza de guerra con Rusia a la distancia | date=January 25, 2022 }}</ref><br><small>1% of Argentina's population</small>
0.75–1% of Argentina's population
| image = Ukrainianobera2.JPG
| caption = Ukrainian Argentines in parade in [[Misiones Province]]
| popplace = Predominantly in the [[Pampas]], the North and the [[Patagonia]]
| popplace = [[Buenos Aires Province]], [[La Pampa Province]], [[Misiones Province]], [[Chaco province]], [[Córdoba Province, Argentina|Córdoba Province]], [[Chubut Province]]
| langs = {{Flatlist|
* [[RioplatenseSpanish language|Spanish]]
* [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
* [[Russian language|Russian]]
}}
| rels = {{Flatlist|
* [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Catholicism]]
* [[Ukrainian Orthodox ChurchOrthodoxy]]
* [[Judaism]]
}}
| related = {{Flatlist|
* [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian people]]
* [[Ukrainian Brazilians]]
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}}
}}
'''Ukrainian Argentines''' ({{lang-uk|Українці Аргентини}}, ''Ukrajintsi Arhentyny'', {{lang-es|Ucranio-argentinos|links=no}}) are [[Argentines|Argentine citizens]] of Ukrainian descent or [[Ukraine]]-born people who reside in [[Argentina]]. Ukrainian Argentines are an ethnic minority in [[Argentina]];. although the Argentine census does not provide data on ethnic origins, estimatesEstimates of the Ukrainian and/or Ukrainian-descended population range from 3051,000 to 500,000 people (the latter figure making Ukrainians up to 12% of the total Argentine population).<ref name="laizquierda"/><ref name=lanacion/><ref name="lanacion2"/> Many Ukrainian Argentines are of Jewish descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucrania.com/article_read.asp?id=69|title=Article
|accessdateaccess-date=2007-08-05|work=Ucrania.com|language=Spanishes |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/2007092809224820050207175738/http://www.ucrania.com/article_read.asp?id=69 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedatearchive-date = 20072005-0902-2807}}</ref> Currently, the main concentrations of Ukrainians in Argentina are in the [[Greater Buenos Aires|Greater]] [[Buenos Aires]] area, with at least 100,000 people of Ukrainian descent,<ref name="Wasylyk"/> the province of [[Misiones Province|Misiones]] (the historical heartland of Ukrainian immigration to Argentina), with at least 55,000 Ukrainians, and the province of [[Chaco Province|Chaco]] with at least 30,000 Ukrainians.<ref name="Wasylyk">Wasylyk, Mykola (1994). ''Ukrainians in Argentina'' (Chapter), in ''Ukraine and Ukrainians Throughout the World'', edited by Ann Lencyk Pawliczko, University of Toronto Press: Toronto, pp. 420-443</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ualogos.kiev.ua/text.html?id=83&number=55&category=10 |title=Argentine-Ukrainians or Ukrainian-Argentines: about two homelands |access-date=March 22, 2007 |last=Kostiantynova |first=Svitlana |date=January 25, 2007 |work=Instytut Ukrainoznavstva |language=uk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007204554/http://www.ualogos.kiev.ua/text.html?id=83&number=55&category=10 |archive-date=October 7, 2008 }}</ref> In [[Misiones Province]] Ukrainians constitute approximately 9% of the province's total population.<ref name="Wasylyk"/> In comparison to Ukrainians in North America, the Ukrainian community in Argentina (as well as in [[Ukrainians of Brazil|Brazil]]) tends to be more descended from earlier waves of immigration, is poorer, more rural, has less organizational strength, and is more focused on the Church as the center of cultural identity.<ref>Subtelny, Orest. (1988). ''Ukraine: a History.'' University of Toronto Press: Toronto. pg. 566 {{ISBN|0-8020-5808-6}}</ref> Most Ukrainian Argentines do not speak the Ukrainian language and have switched to Spanish, although they continue to maintain their ethnic identity.<ref>[http://www.homin.ca/news_view.php?category=diaspora&news=4092&lang=ua Ukrainian Echo]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }} From the Life of the Ukrainian Diaspora in Misiones. Ihor Vasylyk. November 6, 2008. (in Ukrainian)</ref>
http://www.ualogos.kiev.ua/text.html?id=83&number=55&category=10 |title=Argentine-Ukrainians or Ukrainian-Argentines: about two homelands |accessdate=March 22, 2007 |author= |last=Hadamer |first=Hans Georg |date=January 25, 2007 |format= |work=Instytut Ukrainoznavstva |language=Ukrainian}}</ref> In [[Misiones Province]] Ukrainians constitute approximately 9% of the province's total population.<ref name="Wasylyk"/> In comparison to Ukrainians in North America, the Ukrainian community in Argentina (as well as in [[Ukrainians of Brazil|Brazil]]) tends to be more descended from earlier waves of immigration, is poorer, more rural, has less organizational strength, and is more focused on the Church as the center of cultural identity.<ref>Subtelny, Orest. (1988). ''Ukraine: a History.'' University of Toronto Press: Toronto. pg. 566 {{ISBN|0-8020-5808-6}}</ref> Most Ukrainian Argentines do not speak the Ukrainian language and have switched to Spanish, although they continue to maintain their ethnic identity.<ref>[http://www.homin.ca/news_view.php?category=diaspora&news=4092&lang=ua Ukrainian Echo] From the Life of the Ukrainian Diaspora in Misiones. Ihor Vasylyk. November 6, 2008. (in Ukrainian)</ref>
 
==History==
 
There were four waves of Ukrainian [[immigration to Argentina]]: pre-World War I, with about 10,000 to 14,000 immigrants, post-World War I to World War II, including approximately 50,000, post-World War II, with 5,000 immigrants, and the post-[[Soviet Union|Soviet]] immigration, which is estimated to number approximately 4,000.<ref name="ukrweekly">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/2000/220015.shtml |title=Hola Argentina! |accessdateaccess-date=March 22, 2007 |author= |last=Kuropas |first=Myron B. |date=May 28, 2000 |work=Ukrainian Weekly |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111064900/http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/2000/220015.shtml |archivedatearchive-date=January 11, 2005 }}</ref>
 
[[File:Ukranian immigrants cropping yerba mate in Tres Capones, Misiones.jpg|thumb|left| Ukrainians harvesting [[yerba mate]] in Misiones province, 1920]]
 
The first wave of [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] immigration to Argentina included 12-14 families from [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Eastern Galicia]] (at the time part of [[Austria-Hungary]]) in 1897.<ref name="ukrweekly"/><ref name="ugcc">{{cite web |url=http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ukr/library/interview5/hazuda/ |title= InteriewInterview with Joseph Hazuda, about the UGCC in Argentina |accessdateaccess-date=March 22, 2007 |author= |last=Yatsiv |first=Ihor |format= |work=[[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]] |language=Ukrainianuk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307125223/http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ukr/library/interview5/hazuda/ |archive-date=March 7, 2007 }}</ref> When the immigrants arrived in the country, the [[Government of Argentina|Argentine government]] sent them to the Misiones Province, where they settled in [[Apóstoles]].<ref name="ugcc"/> Their settlement here was part of the local governor's strategy of building up European immigration in his province as a way of preventing neighboring Brazil's claims on the region.<ref name = "Soltys">Michael Soltys. [http://www.casahistoria.net/easteurope.htm#Ukrainian_Immigrants_to_Argentina A different kind of multinational: Immigrants to Argentina from Eastern Europe] Originally published in the [[Buenos Aires Herald]], 1998.</ref> The settlers were granted land allotments of 123.6 acres, or {{convert|50|hectare|m2}} in two identical lots, with one lot being used for agriculture and the other for cattle breeding. Initially, they struggled with adapting to climatic conditions quite different from those of their native Ukraine, and eventually largely switched to tending crops that were appropriate to their new homes, such as sugar cane, rice, tobacco, and especially [[yerba mate]] -an SouthArgentinian Americanbeverage similar to the tea- as proper crops. Indeed, the first person to grow tea in the province of Misiones was Volodymyr Hnatiuk, a Ukrainian immigrant.<ref name="Wasylyk"/> Ultimately, at least 10,000 Ukrainians from Galicia settled in Misiones before the onset of World War I. At this time, an estimated 4,000 Ukrainians also settled in Buenos Aires.<ref name="Wasylyk"/>
[[File:Casa Ucraniana en Oberá.JPG|thumb|The "Ukrainian House" in [[Oberá]], [[Misiones Province|Misiones]]. This province was one of the largest recipients of Ukrainian immigrants in the country.]]
The largest number of Ukrainians migrated to Argentina between the two world wars. This wave of emigrants, whose number is estimated at between 50,000<ref name="ukrweekly"/> and 70,000 people,<ref name="Wasylyk"/> was much more geographically diverse, and included many people from Orthodox areas of Ukraine such as [[Volhynia]] and [[Bukovina]]. It also included more educated or politically oriented people who had been involved in Ukraine's struggle for independence. Approximately half of this wave of immigrants settled in Buenos Aires, while the remainder strengthened the Ukrainian population in [[Misiones Province]] or created new Ukrainian settlements in other agricultural regions such as in [[Chaco Province]].
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The first Ukrainians to Argentina who settled in Misiones came from a predominantly Catholic region of Ukraine, [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]]. However, the local Argentine (Latin Rite) Roman Catholic Church opposed the creation of a separate Ukrainian Catholic Church. As a result, for the first ten years of their settlement, Argentine Ukrainians Catholics did not have their own [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Eastern-rite Catholic priests]], and were subject to intense missionary activities by Polish Roman Catholics. In response, many of them converted to [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]], whose rituals are virtually identical to those of Ukrainian Catholicism. Without the help of their Mother Church in Galicia, local Ukrainians built their own churches, chapels, and homes for priests, and petitioned church authorities in Galicia to send priests to them. Finally, in 1908, Father K. Bzhukhovsky was sent to Misiones from Brazil. He was succeeded in the province of Misiones by several more priests from Ukraine. In 1922, the Ukrainian parishes in Misiones were visited by the head of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] [[Andrey Sheptytsky]] of [[Lviv]]. The first Ukrainian Catholic Church in Buenos Aires region was built in 1940 and in the city in 1948. In 1978, the Ukrainian Catholic Church in Argentina was granted its own [[Eparchy]] (Eastern-rite equivalent of a diocese). Andriy Sapeliak was the first Ukrainian Bishop in Argentina.<ref name="Wasylyk"/>
 
Currently, over 120,000 of Ukrainians in Argentina are [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Catholics]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrarcheparchy.us/index.php?categoryid=19&p2_articleid=267 |title=Session of Permanent Synod to be held in Argentina |accessdateaccess-date=March 22, 2007 |date=January 25, 2007 |format= |work=Ukrainian Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia }}</ref> comprising approximately 50% of Ukrainian Argentines. [[Misiones Province]], the heartland of Ukrainian immigration to Argentina, has 60 Ukrainian Catholic Churches and chapels.<ref name = "Soltys"/> In April 1987 Pope John Paul II visited the Ukrainian Catholic community in Buenos Aires.<ref>[http://articles.widbox.com/39-immigration_in_argentina.html Immigration in Argentina, accessed April 7, 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324195001/http://articles.widbox.com/39-immigration_in_argentina.html |date=March 24, 2008 }}</ref>
 
====Orthodox====
 
The first Orthodox Ukrainians in Argentina were converts from the Ukrainian Catholic Church and came under the jurisdiction of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. Many Orthodox immigrants who came to Argentina from Ukraine between the World Wars, among whom were several priests, who created parishes in Buenos Aires and surrounding areas. The newcomers generally belonged to the [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]].<ref name="Wasylyk"/>
 
Approximately 30% of Ukrainian Argentines are currently Orthodox.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
 
====Others====
{{Unreferencedsect|date=June 2024}}
 
The first Protestant Ukrainians were Baptists who emigrated to Argentina from Volyn in the 1920s. During the period when there was no Ukrainian Church in Argentina, many Ukrainians became accustomed to not being involved in any Church and did not return to their ancestral religion when the parishes were established.
 
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* [[José Chatruc]] (football player)
* [[Adabel Guerrero]] (dancer, actress)
* [[Olga Gurski]] (artist)
* [[Mariano Konyk]] (football player)
* [[Boris Kriukow]] (artist)
* [[Denis Margalik]] (figure skater)
* [[JoséNadia PékermanPodoroska]] (footballtennis player, coach)
* [[Simón Radowitzky]] (anarchist)
* [[Noel Schajris]] (singer-songwriter and pianist)
* [[Chango Spasiuk|Horacio Spasiuk]] (musician)
* [[Vladimiro Tarnawsky|Vladimiro Tarnawski]] (footballer)
 
==See also==
* [[Argentina–Ukraine relations]]
{{Portal|Argentina|Ukraine}}▼
* [[Eparchy of Santa María del Patrocinio en Buenos Aires]]
* [[Ukrainian Brazilian]]
* [[Ukrainians in Paraguay]]
* [[Ukrainian Canadian]]
* [[Ukrainian American]]
 
==References==
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==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080724230833/http://www.plast.org.ar/ Plast, Ukrainian Scouting Organization, of Argentina]
 
{{European Argentine}}
{{Immigration to Argentina}}
{{Ukrainian diaspora}}
{{Ukraine topics}}
▲{{Portal bar|Argentina|Ukraine}}
 
[[Category:EuropeanUkrainian Argentinediaspora in Argentina|*]]
[[Category:Argentine people of Ukrainian descent| ]]
[[Category:ImmigrationArgentina–Ukraine to Argentinarelations]]
[[Category:Ukrainian diaspora in Argentina|Argentina]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Argentines"