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The '''United States of America''' ('''USA''' or '''U.S.A.'''), commonly known as the '''United States''' ('''US''' or '''U.S.''') or simply '''America''', is a country primarily located in [[North America]]. It is [[Federalism in the United States|a federation]] of 50 [[U.S. state|states]], [[Federal district of the United States|a federal capital district]] ([[Washington, D.C.]]), and 326 [[Indian reservation]]s.{{efn|Federally recognized Native American tribes are treated as "domestic dependent nations" with [[Tribal sovereignty in the United States|tribal sovereignty rights]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-08 |title=Attorney General June 1, 1995 Memorandum on Indian Sovereignty |url=https://www.justice.gov/archives/ag/attorney-general-june-1-1995-memorandum-indian-sovereignty |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}</ref>}} Outside the union of states, it asserts sovereignty over five major [[Territories of the United States|unincorporated island territories]] and various [[United States Minor Outlying Islands|uninhabited islands]].{{efn|The five major territories outside the union of states are [[American Samoa]], [[Guam]], the [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Puerto Rico]], and the [[United States Virgin Islands|U.S. Virgin Islands]]. The seven undisputed island areas without permanent populations are [[Baker Island]], [[Howland Island]], [[Jarvis Island]], [[Johnston Atoll]], [[Kingman Reef]], [[Midway Atoll]], and [[Palmyra Atoll]]. U.S. sovereignty over the unpopulated [[Bajo Nuevo Bank]], [[Navassa Island]], [[Serranilla Bank]], and [[Wake Island]] is disputed.<ref>U.S. State Department, [https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights], December 30, 2011, Item 22, 27, 80. And U.S. General Accounting Office Report, [https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf|date=November 3, 2013 }}, November 1997, pp. 1, 6, 39n. Both viewed April 6, 2016.</ref>}} The country has the world's [[List of countries and dependencies by area|third-largest land area]],{{efn|At {{cvt|9,147,590|km2|order=flip}}, the United States is the third-largest country in the world by land area, behind [[Russia]] and [[China]]. By total area (land and water), it is the third-largest, behind Russia and Canada, if its coastal and territorial water areas are included. However, if only its internal waters are included (bays, sounds, rivers, lakes, and the [[Great Lakes]]), the U.S. is the fourth-largest, after Russia, Canada, and China.
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Coastal/territorial waters included: {{cvt|9,833,517|km2|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web|title=China|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/|access-date=June 10, 2016|website=[[The World Factbook]]}}</ref>
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Only internal waters included: {{cvt|9,572,900|km2|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web|title=United States|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/616563/United-States-quick-facts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219194413/https://www.britannica.com/topic/616563/United-States-quick-facts|archive-date=December 19, 2013|access-date=January 31, 2010|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref>|name=largestcountry}} second-largest [[Exclusive economic zone of the United States|exclusive economic zone]], and [[List of countries and dependencies by population|third-largest population]], exceeding 334 million.{{efn|The [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]'s 2023 estimate was 334,914,895 residents. All official population figures are for the 50 states and the District of Columbia; they exclude the five major U.S. territories and outlying islands. The Census Bureau also provides a continuously updated but unofficial population clock in addition to [[United States census|its decennial census]] and [[Population Estimates Program|annual population estimates]]: [https://www.census.gov/popclock/ www.census.gov/popclock]|name=pop clock}} It is also fast becoming the world's [[Race and ethnicity in the United States|most ethnically diverse nation]].
 
[[Paleo-Indians]] migrated across the [[Bering land bridge]] more than 12,000 years ago, and went on to form [[History of Native Americans in the United States|various civilizations and societies]]. [[British colonization of the Americas|British colonization]] led to the first settlement of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] in [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]] in 1607. Clashes with the [[The Crown|British Crown]] over taxation and [[No taxation without representation|political representation]] sparked the [[American Revolution]], with the [[Second Continental Congress]] formally [[United States Declaration of Independence|declaring independence]] on July 4, 1776. Following its victory in the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] (1775&ndash;1783), the country continued to [[Territorial evolution of the United States|expand across North America]]. As more [[Admission to the Union|states were admitted]], sectional division over [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]] led to the secession of the [[Confederate States of America]], which fought the remaining states of the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] during the 1861–1865 [[American Civil War]]. With the Union's victory and preservation, [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|slavery was abolished nationally]]. By 1890, the United States had established itself as a [[great power]]. After [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]'s [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] in December 1941, the U.S. [[Military history of the United States during World War II|entered World War II]]. The [[Aftermath of World War II|aftermath of the war]] left the U.S. and the [[Soviet Union]] as the world's two [[superpowers]] and led to the [[Cold War]], during which both countries engaged in a struggle for [[ideological dominance]] and [[Sphere of influence|international influence]]. Following the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union's collapse]] and the [[Cold War (1985–1991)|end of the Cold War]] in 1991, the U.S. emerged as the world's [[Superpower#Post-Cold War era|sole superpower]].