United States: Difference between revisions

=== Indigenous peoples ===

{{Further|Native Americans in the United States|Pre-Columbian era}}

The [[Paleo-Indians|first inhabitants of North America]] migrated from [[Siberia]] across the [[Bering land bridge]] at least 12,000 years ago;{{sfn|Erlandson|Rick|Vellanoweth|2008|p=19}}{{sfn|Savage|2011|page=55}} the [[Clovis culture]], which appeared around 11,000 BC, is believed to be the first widespread culture in the Americas.{{sfn|Waters|Stafford|2007|pages=1122–1126}}{{sfn|Flannery|2015|pages=173–185}} Over time, indigenous North American cultures grew increasingly sophisticated, and some, such as the [[Mississippian culture]], developed [[Eastern Agricultural Complex|agriculture]], [[Southeastern Ceremonial Complex|architecture]], and complex societies.{{sfn|Lockard|2010|page=315}} In the [[History of Native Americans in the United States#Post-Archaic period|post-archaic period]], the [[Mississippian cultures]] were located in the [[Midwestern United States|midwestern]], [[Eastern United States|eastern]], and [[Southern United States|southern]] regions, and the [[Iroquois]] in the [[Great Lakes region]], while the [[Hohokam culture]] and [[Ancestral Puebloans]] inhabited the [[American Southwest|southwest]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Johansen |first=Bruce |title=The Native Peoples of North America: A History, Volume 1 |year=2006 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yiKgBuSUPUIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA51&dq=native+american+history+archaic+period&ots=jPx1aIWt6I&sig=hv7ohjQS41lQiNz-zkOdRxfBjxI#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> [[Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native population estimates]] of what is now the United States before the arrival of European immigrants range from around 500,000{{sfn|Thornton|1998|page=34}}{{sfn|Perdue|Green|2005|page=40}} to nearly 10 million.{{sfn|Perdue|Green|2005|page=40}}{{sfn|Haines|Haines|Steckel|2000|page=12}}