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===Origin and founding===
The [[International Sanitary Conferences]] (ISC), the first of which was held on 23 June 1851, were a series of conferences that took place until 1938, about 87 years.<ref name="SanCon">{{Cite book |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf |title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938 |last=Howard-Jones |first=Norman |chapter=Introduction |pages=9–11 |publisher=World Health Organization |year=1974 |access-date=3 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first conference, in Paris, was almost solely concerned with [[cholera]], which would remain the disease of major concern for the
Seven of these international conferences, spanning 41 years, were convened before any resulted in a multi-state international agreement. The seventh conference, in Venice in 1892, finally resulted in a convention. It was concerned only with the sanitary control of shipping traversing the [[Suez Canal]], and was an effort to guard against importation of cholera.<ref name="SanCon7">{{Cite book |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf |title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938 |last=Howard-Jones |first=Norman |chapter=The seventh conference: Venice, 1892 |pages=58–65 |publisher=World Health Organization |year=1974 |access-date=3 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|65}}
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