Content deleted Content added
No edit summary Tags: Reverted Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
No edit summary |
||
(42 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown) | |||
Line 17:
}}
| caption = Counterclockwise from top: Place Drouet-d'Erlon; arch in the [[Porte de Mars]]; [[Reims Cathedral]]
|population demonym = Rémois
|image coat of arms = Armoiries de Reims.svg
|image flag = Flag of Rheims.svg
Line 24:
|INSEE = 51454
|postal code = 51100
|mayor = Arnaud Robinet<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=
|party = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
|term = 2020–2026
Line 37:
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
'''Reims''' ({{IPAc-en|r|iː|m|z}} {{respell|REEMZ
Founded by the [[Gauls]], Reims became a major city in the [[Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|article=Reims|title=[[Petit Larousse|Nouveau petit Larousse]]|year=1971|page=1638}}</ref> Reims later played a prominent ceremonial role in [[history of France|French monarchical history]] as the traditional site of the coronation of the [[
Reims is recognized for the diversity of its heritage, ranging from [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] to [[Art Deco|Art-déco]]. [[Reims Cathedral]], the adjacent [[Palace of Tau]], and the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] were listed together as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] in 1991 because of their outstanding
==History==
Line 47:
[[File:Porte de Mars.jpg|thumb|left|[[Porte de Mars]], from the 3rd or 4th century<ref name=EB1911/>]]
Before the Roman conquest of northern [[Gaul]], Reims had served as the [[Remi]] tribe's capital, founded {{Circa|80 BC}}. In the course of [[Julius Caesar]]'s [[
{{cite book|title= An Historical Geography of France|author1= de Planhol, X.|author2= Claval, P.|date= 1994|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn= 9780521322089|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=C19glZh7zfoC|page= 47|access-date= 10 October 2014}}
</ref> Reims was first called {{lang|la|[[Durocortorum]]}}<ref>{{Cite book|author=Félix Gaffiot|author-link=Félix Gaffiot|title=[[Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français|Dictionnaire latin-français]]|year=1934|page=566}}</ref> in [[Latin]], which is hypothesized to derive from a [[
Christianity had become established in the city by 260, at which period Saint [[Sixtus of Reims]] founded the [[
[[File:St Remy Bishop of Rheims begging of Clovis the restitution of the Sacred Vase taken by the Franks in the Pillage of Soissons.png|thumb|left|[[Saint Remigius]], Bishop of Reims, begging [[Clovis I|Clovis]] of the restitution of the Sacred Vase taken by the Franks in the pillage of Soissons. From the manuscript of the ''History of the Emperors'' ([[
In 496—ten years after [[Clovis I|Clovis]], King of the Salian Franks, won his victory at [[Soissons]] (486)—[[Saint Remigius|Remigius]], the bishop of Reims, baptized him using the oil of the sacred phial–purportedly brought from heaven by a dove for the baptism of Clovis and subsequently preserved in the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]].<ref name=EB1911/> For centuries the events at the crowning of Clovis I became a symbol used by the monarchy to claim the [[Divine right of kings|divine right]] to rule.
Meetings of [[Pope Stephen II]] (752–757) with [[
By the 10th century, Reims had become a centre of intellectual culture. Archbishop [[Adalberon, archbishop of Rheims|Adalberon]] (in office 969 to 988), seconded by the monk Gerbert (afterwards (from 999 to 1003) [[Pope Silvester II]]), founded schools which taught the classical "[[liberal arts]]". (Adalberon also played a leading role in the dynastic revolution which elevated the [[Capetian dynasty]] in the place of the [[Carolingian]]s.)<ref name=EB1911/>
Line 64:
[[File:Ingres coronation charles vii.jpg|thumb|[[Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres]], ''[[Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII]]'', 1854 ([[Louvre]])]]
[[
During the [[French Wars of Religion]] the city sided with the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]] (1585), but submitted to King [[
The city was stricken with plague in 1635, and again in 1668, followed by an epidemic of typhus in 1693–1694.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Population|first=J.-M.|last=R.|title=Benoit R. — ''Vivre et mourir à Reims au Grand Siècle (1580-1720)'' [compte-rendu]|language=fr|year=2000|volume=55|issue=2|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/pop_0032-4663_2000_num_55_2_7132|pages=405–406|doi=10.2307/1535044|jstor=1535044}}</ref> The construction of the {{lang|fr|[[Hôtel de Ville, Reims|Hôtel de Ville]]|italic=no}} dates back to the same century.
The [[Place Royale, Reims|Place Royale]] was built in the 18th century. Some of the 1792 [[September Massacres]] took place in Reims.
Line 75:
[[File:Aviatiker-Woche Reims 1909.jpg|thumb|left|A month after Blériot's crossing of the English Channel in a biplane, the aviation week in Reims (August 1909) caught special attention.]]
On 30 October 1908, [[Henri Farman]] made the first cross-country flight from [[
[[File:France, Reims and its cathedral, 1916.jpg|thumb|Reims in 1916]]
Hostilities in [[World War I]] greatly damaged the city. [[German Army (German Empire)|German]] bombardment and a subsequent fire in 1914 did severe damage to the cathedral.<ref name="smarthistory">{{
During [[World War II]], the city suffered additional damage. On the morning of 7 May 1945, at 2:41, General Eisenhower and the Allies received the [[unconditional surrender]] of the German [[Wehrmacht]] in Reims. General [[Alfred Jodl]], German Chief-of-Staff, signed the surrender at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force ([[SHAEF]]) as the representative for German President [[Karl Dönitz]].
The British statesman [[Leslie Hore-Belisha]] died of a cerebral haemorrhage while making a speech at the {{lang|fr|[[Hôtel de Ville, Reims|Hôtel de Ville]]|italic=no}} in February 1957.<gallery>
File:Reims OSM 01.png|alt=|Map of Rheims
File:Tombeau de Jovin Musée Saint-Remi 90208 01.jpg|alt=|Sarcophagus of Jovinus ([[Musée Saint-Remi]])
Line 140:
==Economy==
Rue de Vesle is the main commercial street (continued under other names), traversing the city from southwest to northeast through the [[Place Royale, Reims|Place Royale]].<ref name=EB1911/> The economy of Reims is driven by the wine and Champagne industries and innovation in the bio-economic field.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-06 |title=Reims - Eurocities |url=https://eurocities.eu/cities/reims/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=eurocities.eu |language=en-GB}}</ref>
==Architecture==
Line 146:
[[Reims Cathedral]] is an example of [[French Gothic architecture]].
The [[Basilica of Saint-Remi]], founded in the 11th century "over the chapel of St. Christophe where [[
The Church of Saint-Jacques dates from the 13th to the 16th centuries. A few blocks from the cathedral, it stands {{as of | 2009 | lc = on}} in a neighbourhood of shopping and restaurants. The churches of Saint-Maurice (partly rebuilt in 1867), Saint-André,<ref name=EB1911/> and Saint-Thomas (erected from 1847 to 1853, under the patronage of [[Cardinal Gousset]], now buried within its walls<ref name=EB1911/>) also draw tourists.
Line 160:
[[File:Reims - temple (13).JPG|thumb|A stained glass window of the [[Protestant Church of Reims]]|267x267px]]The [[Protestant Church of Reims]], built in 1921–1923 over designs by [[Charles Letrosne]], is an example of [[flamboyant]] neo-Gothic architecture.
The [[Hôtel de Ville, Reims|Hôtel de Ville]], erected in the 17th century and enlarged in the 19th, features a [[pediment]] with an equestrian statue of [[
[[Narcisse Brunette]] was the architect of the city for nearly 50 years in the 19th century. He designed the [[Reims Manège and Circus]], which "combines stone and brick in a fairly sober classical composition."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Architecture in France, 1800–1900|page=92|author1=Lemoine, Bertrand|author2=Bonfante-Warren, Alexandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7dVPAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|isbn=9780810940901}}</ref>
Line 171:
==Culture==
Reims is a candidate in the bid to become the [[European Capital of Culture]] in 2028.
===Museums===
The [[Palace of Tau]] contains such exhibits as statues formerly displayed by the cathedral, treasures of the cathedral from past centuries, and royal attire from coronations of French kings.
Line 179 ⟶ 181:
The [[Automobile Museum Reims-Champagne]], established in 1985 by [[Philippe Charbonneaux]], houses a collection of automobiles dating from 1903 to the present day. The museum has five collections: automobiles, motorcycles and two-wheelers, pedal cars, miniature toys, and enamel plaques.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musee-automobile-reims-champagne.com/en/museum/|title = Automobile Museum Reims| date=22 June 2021 }}</ref>
The [[Museum of Fine Arts, Reims|Museum of Fine Arts]] is housed in the former Abbey of Saint-Denis.
[[File:Reims - musée de la Reddition (01).JPG|thumb|The Museum of the Surrender]]
The Museum of the Surrender is the building in which on 7 May 1945, [[
===Theaters===
Line 194 ⟶ 196:
===Festivals and events===
At the beginning of the year, the FARaway - Festival des Arts à Reims is a two-week event of music, dance, theatre, exhibitions, and installations at various cultural venues around the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FARaway festival des arts à Reims |url=https://www.farawayfestival.eu/en/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=FARaway festival des arts à Reims |language=en-US}}</ref>
Every year in June, the ''Fêtes Johanniques'' commemorate the entrance of Joan of Arc into Reims in 1429 and the coronation of Charles VII of France in the cathedral.
In August and September there are regular evening light shows called Regalia projected onto the Reims Cathedral. It has a duration of 15 minutes and is free of charge. Regalia is an open-air multimedia show telling the story of the French coronations in a dramatic and whimsical fashion. Pets are welcome.
A [[Christmas market]] was held on the parvis of Reims Cathedral (Place du Cardinal-Luçon). It has since been moved in front of the Reims train station. In takes place in the month before Christmas, in 2023 this will be November 24th until December 24th. The Christmas market in Reims is the 3rd largest Christmas market in France. There are 150 different stalls each with various regional crafts, gifts, foods and specialities. This includes a famous poutine stand. The market last year was open on Mondays from 2pm to 8pm, Tuesday to Thursday from 10:30am to 10pm, Friday from 10:30am to 10pm, Saturday from 10am to 10pm, and Sundays from 10pm to 8pm. Access to the Christmas market is free and it is accessible to people with reduced mobility. Dogs are welcome if they are on a leash. Close by, there is a large traditional Christmas tree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reims Christmas Market 2023 |url=https://www.reims-tourisme.com/en/reims-christmas-market/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Reims Tourisme |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Wine and food===
Line 208 ⟶ 215:
===Sports===
[[File:Circuit de Reims-Gueux - 002.jpg|thumb|left|[[Reims-Gueux]] circuit]]
Between 1925 and 1969, Reims hosted the ''[[Grand Prix de la Marne]]'' [[
{{As of | 2021}}, the football club ''[[Stade Reims]]'', based in the city, competed in the [[Ligue 1]], the highest tier of French football. ''Stade Reims'' became the outstanding team of France in the 1950s and early 1960s and reached the final of the [[European Cup of Champions]] twice in that era.
In October 2018, the city hosted the second [[Teqball]] World Cup.<ref>{{
The city has hosted the [[Reims Marathon]] since 1984.
==Transport==
Reims is served by two main railway stations: [[Gare de Reims]] in the city centre, the hub for regional transport, and the new [[Gare de Champagne-Ardenne TGV]] {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=off}} southwest of the city with high-speed rail connections to Paris, Metz, Nancy and Strasbourg. There are two other railway stations for local services in the southern suburbs: [[Franchet d'Esperey station|Franchet d'Esperey]] and [[Reims-Maison-Blanche station|Reims-Maison-Blanche]]. The motorways [[A4 autoroute|A4]] (Paris-Strasbourg), [[A26 autoroute|A26]] (Calais-Langres) and [[A34 autoroute|A34]] intersect near Reims.[[File:Reims - Grille des Basses-Promenades (2).JPG|thumb|Paris Gate, Basses Promenades]]Public transport within the city consists of buses and a [[Reims tramway|tramway]], the latter opened in 2011. There is also a bikeshare program, Zébullo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bike Share Map: Reims (Zébullo) |url=https://bikesharemap.com/reims/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Bike Share Map: Reims (Zébullo) |language=en}}</ref>
The [[Canal de l'Aisne à la Marne]] is a waterway. There is also an airport, [[Reims – Prunay Aerodrome]], but it had, as of 2020, no commercial airline flights.
==Parks and gardens==
Among the parks and gardens of Reims are the Parc de Champagne, where a [[Monument to the Heroes of the Black Army]] is located
Next to the main train station, there is the Hautes Promenades, which is a park equipped with leisure facilities such as swings, hammocks, a [[carousel]], in-ground trampolines, and a water park.
Smaller gardens and parks are also peppered throughout Reims, such as Jardin Le Vergeur, Parc Léo-Lagrange, and the Parc Saint-Remi which next to the Basilica of Saint-Remi.
==Higher education==
The [[University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne|URCA]] (Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne) was founded in 1548. This multidisciplinary university develops innovative, fundamental, and applied research. It provides more than 18,000 students in Reims (22,000 in Champagne-Ardenne) with a wide initial undergraduate studies program which corresponds to society's needs in all domains of the knowledge. The university also accompanies independent or company-backed students in continuing professional development training.
[[NEOMA Business School]] (former [[Reims Management School]]) is also one of the main schools in Reims. The Advanced Business School of Reims was created in 1928. It took the name Reims Management School in 2000.
==Notable residents==
Those born in Reims include:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Adolphe d'Archiac]] (1802–1868), geologist and [[
* [[Jean Baudrillard]] (1929–2007), [[
* {{Interlanguage link multi|Olivier de Benoist|fr}} (born 1974), comedian
* [[Nicolas Bergier]] (1567–1623), scholar of [[Roman roads]]
Line 401 ⟶ 416:
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Salzburg]], Austria (1964)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Aachen]], Germany (1967)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Kutná Hora]], Czech Republic (2008)
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Nagoya]], Japan (2018)
Line 424 ⟶ 439:
==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.reims.fr/}} {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.reims-tourisme.com/ Tourist office website] – Official site for L'Office de Tourisme de Reims, {{in lang|en|fr}}
{{Sister bar|auto=y}}
{{Cities in France}}
{{Marne communes}}
|