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{{for|people named Routledge|Routledge (surname)}}
{{use British English|date=November 2018}}
▲{{short description|British multinational academic publisher founded in 1836}}
{{Infobox publisher
| image = [[File:Routledge logo.svg|150px]]
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| headquarters = [[Milton Park]], [[Abingdon-on-Thames]], [[Oxfordshire]], England, UK
| distribution = World wide
| keypeople = Jeremy North<br />(MD Books)<ref>{{cite web
| publications = Books and [[academic journals]]
| topics = [[Humanities]], [[social science]], [[behavioral science]], [[education]], [[law]]
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| url = {{URL|routledge.com}}
}}
'''Routledge''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|aʊ|t|l|ɪ|dʒ}} {{respell|ROWT|lij}})<ref>{{cite RDPCE|page=1164}}</ref> is a British [[multinational corporation|multinational]] publisher. It was founded in 1836 by [[George Routledge]], and specialises in providing [[academic]] books, [[academic journals|journals]] and online resources in the fields of the [[humanities]], [[behavioral science|behavioural science]], [[education]], [[law]], and [[social science]].
The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over
|title=About Us – Routledge
|url=http://www.routledge.com/info/about_us/
|access-date=1 July 2023
|access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.routledge.com/resources/authors/publishing|title=Publishing With Us – Routledge|year=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://digest.sagepub.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Outsell_Market_Performance_16jan2015_HSS_Market_Size_Share_Forecast.pdf|title=Outsell HSS Market Size Share Forecast}}</ref>▼
|archive-date=6 June 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606184013/https://www.routledge.com/corporate/about-us
|url-status=live
▲
In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and [[Imprint (trade name)|
|title=Academic Publishing
|url=http://informa.com/divisions/academic-publishing/
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}}</ref> Routledge is headquartered in the main T&F office in [[Milton Park]], [[Abingdon-on-Thames|Abingdon]], [[Oxfordshire]] and also operates from T&F offices globally including in [[Philadelphia]], [[Melbourne]], [[New Delhi]], [[Singapore]], and [[Beijing]].<ref>{{cite web
|title=T&F Group Global Offices
|url=http://taylorandfrancis.com/contact/global-offices/
|access-date=22 December 2016
|archive-date=28 September 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928122833/https://taylorandfrancis.com/contact/global-offices/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
==History==
The firm originated in 1836, when the London bookseller [[George Routledge]] published an unsuccessful guidebook, ''The Beauties of Gilsland'', with his brother-in-law W. H. (William Henry) Warne as assistant. In 1848, the pair entered the booming market for selling inexpensive imprints of works of fiction to rail travellers, in the style of the German [[Tauchnitz]] family, which became known as the "Railway Library".<ref name=railwaylibrary>{{cite web
|title= Yellowbacks: III – Routledge's Railway Library
|url= http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/victorian/yellow/yellow3.html
|access-date= 15 February 2015
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150216061157/http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/victorian/yellow/yellow3.html
|url-status= live
}}</ref><ref name="Railway Library history"/>
The venture was a success as railway usage grew, and it eventually led to Routledge, along with W H Warne's brother [[Frederick Warne]], to found the company, '''George Routledge & Co.''' in 1851.<ref name=UCL>{{cite web |title= UCL Library Services: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd Archives – 1850–1984 |url= http://archives.ucl.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27ROUTLEDGE%27&dsqDb=Catalog |access-date= 15 February 2015 |archive-date= 16 February 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150216063752/http://archives.ucl.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27ROUTLEDGE%27&dsqDb=Catalog |url-status= live }}</ref>
The following year in 1852, the company gained lucrative business through selling reprints of ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'', (in the [[public domain]] in the UK) which in turn enabled it to pay author [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton]] £20,000 for a 10-year [[lease]] allowing sole rights to print all 35 of his works<ref name=railwaylibrary/>
▲|access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref>
▲The following year in 1852, the company gained lucrative business through selling reprints of ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'', (in the [[public domain]] in the UK) which in turn enabled it to pay author [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton]] £20,000 for a 10-year [[lease]] allowing sole rights to print all 35 of his works<ref name=railwaylibrary/><ref>Sutherland (2009:527,553).</ref> including 19 of his novels to be sold cheaply as part of their "Railway Library" series.<ref name=oxford>{{cite ODNB|id=24184|title=Routledge, George|year=2004|last=Barnes|first=James J.|last2=Barnes|first2=Patience P.}}</ref>
[[File:Routledge stand at Senate House History Day 2018.jpg|thumb|Routledge stand at Senate House History Day 2018]]
The company was restyled in 1858 as '''Routledge, Warne & Routledge''' when George Routledge's son, Robert Warne Routledge, entered the partnership. Frederick Warne eventually left the company after the death of his brother W. H. Warne in May 1859 (died aged 37).<ref name=censusrecord>{{cite web
|title=
|website=Geni
|url=
|access-date=16 February 2015}}</ref> Gaining rights to some titles, he founded [[Frederick Warne & Co.]] in 1865, which became known for its [[Beatrix Potter]] books.<ref name=ketupa>{{cite web▼
|access-date=16 February 2015
|title=ketupa.net – Taylor and Francis Informa▼
|archive-date=16 February 2015
|url= http://ketupa.net/tfinforma.htm▼
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216060357/http://www.geni.com/people/William-Warne/6000000012518167353
|access-date=16 February 2015}}</ref> In July 1865, George Routledge's son [[Edmund Routledge]] became a partner, and the firm became '''George Routledge & Sons'''.<ref name=DNB>{{cite web|title=Routledge, George (DNB00)|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Routledge,_George_%28DNB00%29|website=DNB|access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref>▼
|url-status=live
▲
|website=ketupa.net
|access-date=16 February 2015
|archive-date=9 April 2016
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409074957/http://ketupa.net/tfinforma.htm
|url-status=dead
▲
By 1899, the company was running close to [[bankruptcy]]. Following a successful restructuring in 1902 by scientist [[Sir William Crookes]], banker [[Arthur Ellis Franklin]], [[William Swan Sonnenschein]] as managing director, and others, however, it was able to recover and began to acquire and merge with other publishing companies including J. C. Nimmo Ltd. in 1903. In 1912, the company took over the management of '''Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.''', the descendant of companies founded by [[Charles Kegan Paul]], Alexander Chenevix Trench, [[Nicholas Trübner]], and George Redway.<ref>{{cite web |title=
These early 20th-century acquisitions brought with them lists of notable scholarly titles, and from 1912 onward, the company became increasingly concentrated in the academic and scholarly publishing business under the imprint "Kegan Paul Trench Trubner", as well as reference, fiction and mysticism. In 1947, George Routledge and Sons finally merged with Kegan Paul Trench Trubner (the [[Germanic umlaut|umlaut]] had been quietly dropped in the [[World War I|First World War]]) under the name of '''Routledge & Kegan Paul'''.
In 1985, Routledge & Kegan Paul joined with [[Associated Book Publishers]] (ABP),
In 2004, T&F became a division within [[Informa plc]] after a merger. Routledge continues as a primary publishing unit and imprint within Informa's 'academic publishing' division, publishing academic [[humanities]] and [[social science]] books, journals, reference works and digital products. Routledge has grown considerably as a result of [[organic growth]] and acquisitions of other publishing companies and other publishers' titles by its parent company.<ref name="T&F">
▲works and digital products. Routledge has grown considerably as a result of [[organic growth]] and acquisitions of other publishing companies and other publishers' titles by its parent company.<ref name="T&F">[http://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/taylorfrancis.htm ''Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618175801/http://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/TaylorFrancis.htm |date=18 June 2012 }} - Taylor & Francis.</ref><ref name="Taylor & Francis">[[Taylor & Francis]]</ref><ref name="informa2015">{{cite web |title= Results for 12 months to 31st December 2015|url= http://www.informa.com/Documents/Investor%20Relations/2016/FY2015/20160210%20FY%20Results%20Statement%20-%20Final.pdf}}</ref> Humanities and social sciences titles acquired by T&F from other publishers are [[Rebranding|rebranded]] under the Routledge [[imprint (trade name)|imprint]].<ref name="Taylor & Francis"/>
Routledge is a signatory of the [[SDG Publishers Compact]],<ref name="members">{{cite web |title=SDG Publishers Compact Members |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact-members/ |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="UN">{{cite web |title=SDG Publishers Compact |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact/ |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |access-date=20 July 2023}}</ref> and has taken steps to support the achievement of the [[Sustainable Development Goals]] (SDGs). These include achieving CarbonNeutral® publication certification for their print books and journals, under the Natural Capital Partners' CarbonNeutral Protocol.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Commitment to Sustainable Publishing |url=https://www.routledge.com/our-commitment-to-sustainable-publishing |website=Routledge}}</ref>
==People==
The
== Authors ==
Routledge has published
== Publications ==
{{
Routledge has been criticised for a pricing structure which "will limit readership to the privileged few", as opposed to options for
=== Reference works ===
Taylor and Francis closed down the Routledge print encyclopaedia division in 2006. Some of its publications were:
* ''[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'', by [[Edward Craig (philosopher)|Edward Craig]] (1998), in 10 volumes, but now online.<ref name="rep.routledge.com">{{cite web |title = Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |url = https://www.rep.routledge.com/ |access-date = 22 December 2016 |archive-date = 28 October 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191028234800/https://www.rep.routledge.com/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
* ''[[Encyclopedia of Ethics]]'', by [[Lawrence C. Becker]] and Charlotte B. Becker (2002), in three volumes.
[[Reference work]]s by Europa Publications, published by Routledge:
* ''[[Europa World Year Book]]''<ref>{{cite web |title = Europa World Online |url = http://www.europaworld.com/pub/ |access-date = 22 December 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101225205/http://www.europaworld.com/pub/ |archive-date= Jan 1, 2017 }}</ref>
* ''[[International Who's Who]]''<ref>{{cite web |title = World Who's Who |url = http://www.worldwhoswho.com/public/views/home.html |access-date = 22 December 2016 |archive-date = 19 March 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220319203916/https://www.worldwhoswho.com/public/views/home.html |url-status = dead }}</ref>
* ''Europa World of Learning''<ref>{{cite web |title = The Europa World of Learning |url = http://www.worldoflearning.com/ |website=worldoflearning.com |access-date = 18 August 2006 |archive-date = 23 July 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080723172029/http://www.worldoflearning.com/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
Many of Routledge's [[reference work]]s are published in print and electronic formats as Routledge Handbooks and have their own dedicated website: Routledge Handbooks Online.<ref>{{cite web |title = Routledge Handbooks Online |url = https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/ |website=routledgehandbooks.com |access-date = 22 December 2016 |archive-date = 30 April 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230430201405/https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/ |url-status = live }}</ref> The company also publishes several online encyclopedias and collections of digital content such as ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'',<ref name="rep.routledge.com" /> ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism'',<ref>{{cite web |title = Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism |url = https://www.rem.routledge.com/ |website=rem.routledge.com |access-date = 22 December 2016 |archive-date = 6 April 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230406121145/https://www.rem.routledge.com/ |url-status = live }}</ref> Routledge Performance Archive,<ref>{{cite web |title = Routledge Performance Archive |website=routledgeperformancearchive.com |url = https://www.routledgeperformancearchive.com/ |access-date = 22 December 2016 |archive-date = 29 April 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230429061125/https://www.routledgeperformancearchive.com/ |url-status = live }}</ref> and South Asia Archive.<ref>{{cite web |title = South Asia Archive |url = http://www.southasiaarchive.com/unauthenticated |website=southasiaarchive.com |access-date = 22 December 2016 |archive-date = 24 May 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220524131700/http://www.southasiaarchive.com/unauthenticated |url-status = live }}</ref>▼
''Routledge Worlds'' series consisted of 66 books as of July 2023, which the publisher described as "magisterial surveys of key historical epochs".<ref name="Routledge Worlds">{{Cite web| title = Routledge Worlds - Book Series - Routledge & CRC Press| access-date = July 15, 2023| url = https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Worlds/book-series/WORLDS |website=Routledge }}</ref> Included in the series are ''The Sikh World'', ''The Pentecostal World'', published in 2023, ''The Quaker World'', ''The Ancient Israelite World'', and ''The Sámi World'' published in 2022.<ref name="Routledge Worlds"/>
▲Many of Routledge's [[reference work]]s are published in print and electronic formats as Routledge Handbooks and have their own dedicated website: Routledge Handbooks Online.<ref>{{cite web |title = Routledge Handbooks Online |url = https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/ }}</ref> The company also publishes several online encyclopedias and collections of digital content such as ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'',<ref name="rep.routledge.com" /> ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism'',<ref>{{cite web |title = Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism |url = https://www.rem.routledge.com/ }}</ref> Routledge Performance Archive,<ref>{{cite web |title = Routledge Performance Archive |url = https://www.routledgeperformancearchive.com/ }}</ref> and South Asia Archive.<ref>{{cite web |title = South Asia Archive |url = http://www.southasiaarchive.com/unauthenticated }}</ref>
=== Book series ===
* ''The Broadway Travellers'' (1926–37)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thebooksinmylife.com/p/broadway-travellers.html |title = Collecting The Broadway Travellers Series |website = The Books In My Life blog |access-date = 10 August 2019 |first = Thomas E. |last = Stone |archive-date = 19 April 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190419224847/http://www.thebooksinmylife.com/p/broadway-travellers.html |url-status = live }}</ref> edited by [[Eileen Power]] and [[Edward Denison Ross]].
* ''Colloquial Series of Multimedia Language Courses''<ref>
* ''Essential Grammars'' (since 1999)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Routledge Essential Grammars
* ''Morley's Universal Library'' (also known as: ''Routledge's Universal Library'') (1883–88)<ref>
* ''The Muses' Library'' (1904–1940; 1950–1980)
*: established in 1891 by [[Lawrence & Bullen]] as a series of fine editions of poetry until L&B folded in 1900, Routledge revived the series in 1904 with reprints and new titles. Over the years parallel editions were published in the US by [[Charles
* ''[[The Republic of Letters]]''<ref>{{cite web |url = https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/republic-of-letters/ |title = Republic of Letters |publisher = Ohio Wesleyan University |series = A Series of Series |access-date = 10 August 2019 |last = Krygier |first = John |date = December 2017 |archive-date = 13 April 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190413060826/https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/republic-of-letters/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
* ''Routledge's Railway Library'' (1848–99)
*: were sold through [[W. H. Smith's bookstalls]] on railway platforms; in 50 years 1,277 books were published, most as pictorial hardbacks, with some bestsellers re-released as cheaper paperbacks. Authors included [[Edward Bulwer Lytton]], [[James Fenimore Cooper]], [[Jane Austen]], [[Benjamin Disraeli]], [[Henry Fielding]], [[Frances Trollope]], [[William Harrison Ainsworth]], [[Alexandre Dumas]], and [[Victor Hugo]]<ref name="Railway Library history">{{cite web |url = http://www.publishinghistory.com/routledges-railway-library.html |title = Routledge's Railway Library (George Routledge) |
== References ==
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=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite magazine |last = Boynton |first = Robert |date = March–April 1995 |title = The Routledge Revolution: Has Academic Publishing Gone Tabloid? |url = http://www.robertboynton.com/articleDisplay.php?article_id=24 |format = online reproduction, by author [n.pag.] |magazine = [[Lingua Franca (magazine)|Lingua Franca: the review of academic life]] |location = [[Mamaroneck, New York|Mamaroneck, NY]] |publisher = Lingua Franca, Inc. |volume = 5 |issue = 3 |pages = 24–32 |oclc = 61311445 |access-date = 21 August 2009 |archive-date = 1 June 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160601080604/http://www.robertboynton.com/articleDisplay.php?article_id=24 |url-status = dead }}
* {{cite book |
* {{cite news |last
* {{cite book | last
* {{cite book |last = Sutherland |first = John |author-link = John Sutherland (author) |year=2009 |title=The Longman Companion to Victorian Fiction |edition=2nd |location=Abingdon, England; New York, NY |publisher=Routledge |isbn = 978-1408203903 }}
* {{cite book |last=Warburg |first = Fredric |author-link=Fredric Warburg |year=1960 |title=An Occupation for Gentlemen |edition=1st American |location=Boston, MA |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]] |oclc=1201220 }}
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==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://www.routledge.com/
* [
* [https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Revivals/book-series/REVIVALS * [https://www.ucl.ac.uk/library/special-collections/a-z/routledge Routledge & Kegan Paul Archives]: Ledgers, authors' agreements, printed catalogues and other papers
* [https://
* Archives of George Routledge & Company
* Archives of Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Henry S. King
{{Informa}}{{Authority control}}
|