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[[File:Telephone operators, 1952.jpg|thumb|Telephone operators in a [[private branch exchange]] in 1952.]]
In the early days of telephony, through roughlyroughlynjvvvvvvvvvvvnfkjvnirwefbvdijnejwldcmljns cniodnd xxjksad jasnddkwsnkasndklsandxskamdxnkjsnnxklnxbcjnjnvccmzxnzmkmcjcn jvnmxjkdscmxkasmskdccncjdmcnmsklmajskdnclm the 1960s, companies used manual [[telephone switchboard]]s, and '''switchboard operators''' connected calls by inserting a pair of [[Phone connector (audio)|phone plug]]s into the appropriate jacks. Each pair of plugs was part of a [[cord circuit]] with a switch associated that let the operator participate in the call. Each jack had a light above it that lit when the telephone receiver was lifted (the earliest systems required a generator on the phone to be cranked by hand). Lines from the central office were usually arranged along the bottom row. Before the advent of operator distance dialing and customer [[direct distance dialing|Direct Dial]] (DDD) calling, switchboard operators would work with their counterparts in the distant central office to complete [[long distance call]]s. With the development of [[Stored Program Control exchange|computerized]] telephone dialing systems, many [[telephone call]]s which previously required a live operator can be placed automatically by the [[calling party]] without additional human intervention. Switchboard operators are typically required to have very strong communication skills.<ref>Principles of Hotel Front Office Operations - Page 55, Sue Baker, Pam Bradley, Jeremy Huyton - 2001</ref><ref>Kaplan Civil Service Exams - Page xii, Kaplan - 2008</ref>
Before the advent of [[telephone exchange|automatic exchanges]], an operator's assistance was required for anything other than calling telephones across a shared [[Party line (telephony)|party line]]. Callers spoke to an operator at a Central Office who then connected a cord to the proper circuit in order to complete the call. Being in complete control of the call, the operator was in a position to listen to private conversations. Automatic, or Dial systems were developed in the 1920s to reduce labor costs as usage increased, and to ensure privacy to the customer. As phone systems became more sophisticated, less direct intervention by the telephone operator was necessary to complete calls.
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