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{{short description|
{{globalize||United States|date=June 2023}}
{{Close Relationships}}
'''Swinging''',
The term "wife swapping" was introduced by the media in the United States during the 1950s to describe this emerging phenomenon.<ref name="case_for_swingers"
The swingers community sometimes refers to itself as "the lifestyle", or as "the alternative lifestyle".<ref>{{cite book|last=Bergstrand|first=Curtis R.|title=Swinging in America : love, sex, and marriage in the 21st century|year=2010|publisher=Praeger/ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=978-0313379666|author2=Sinski, Jennifer Blevins }}</ref> <!-- not supported in article: Another term, "hotwife / hotwifing" specifically refers to a married woman who often has sexual relations with different men, with the approval of her husband. -->
==Description==
[[John Stossel]] produced an investigative news report into the swinging lifestyle. Stossel's report in 2005 cited [[Terry Gould]]'s research, which concluded that "couples swing in order to not cheat on their partners". When Stossel asked swinging couples whether they worry their spouse will "find they like someone else better
Swinging can take place in a number of contexts, ranging from spontaneous sexual activity involving partner swapping or adding a third or more participants at an informal gathering of friends to planned regular social meetings to "[[Casual sex|hooking up]]" with like-minded people at a [[sex club]] (also known as a swinger club, not to be confused with a [[strip club]]). Different clubs offer varied facilities and atmospheres, and often hold "theme" nights.
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Swinging is also known to take place in semi-public venues such as hotels, resorts, or cruise ships, or often in private homes.<ref name="Goodman">{{cite web |last=Goodman |first=Hallie |title=Happily Married Swingers |url=http://www.redbookmag.com/love-sex/advice/happy-swinger-couples |publisher=Redbook |access-date=2 July 2013|date=September 2017 }}</ref> Furthermore, many websites that cater to swinging couples now exist, some having hundreds of thousands of members.<ref name="Goodman"/>
In 2018, a study of the prevalence of non-monogamous practices in the [[United States]] estimated that 2.35% of Americans currently self-identify as swingers and 4.76% had identified as swingers at some point in their lifetime.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.31234/osf.io/st2k5 |title=Counting polyamorists who count: Prevalence and definitions of an under-researched form of consensual nonmonogamy |last1=Burleigh |first1=Tyler |last2=Rubel |first2=Alicia |journal=PsyArXiv |url=http://psyarxiv.com/st2k5/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rudder |first=Marisa |title=Hotwife: A Couple's Guide to Hotwifing |publisher=Randall Caruso |date=Dec 18, 2021 |isbn=9781736183557 |edition=11 |location=USA |pages=125 |language=English}}</ref>
== Effects ==
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Sixty percent said that swinging improved their relationship; 1.7% said swinging made their relationship less happy. Approximately 50% of those who rated their relationship "very happy" before becoming swingers maintained their relationship had become happier. 90% of those with less happy relationships said swinging improved them. Almost 70% of swingers claimed no problem with jealousy; approximately 25% admitted "I have difficulty controlling jealousy when swinging" as "somewhat true", while 6% said this was "yes, very much" true. Swingers rate themselves happier ("very happy": 59% of swingers compared to 32% of non-swingers) and their lives more "exciting" (76% of swingers compared to 54% of non-swingers) than non-swingers, by significantly large margins. There was no significant difference between responses of men and women, although more males (70%) than females completed the survey. This study, which only polled self-identified swingers, is of limited use to a broader application to the rest of society ([[external validity]]) owing to [[self-selection bias|self-selected sampling]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}
Some believe sexual attraction is part of human nature and should be openly enjoyed by a committed or married couple. Some swingers cite divorce-data in the US, claiming the lack of quality of sex and spousal infidelity are significant factors in divorce. One study showed 37% of husbands and 29% of wives admit at least one extramarital affair (Reinisch, 1990), and divorce
===Sexually-transmitted infections===
Swingers are exposed to the same types of risks as people who engage in [[casual sex]], with the main concerns being the risk of pregnancy or contracting a [[sexually transmitted infection]] (STI). Some swingers engage in
A Dutch study that compared the medical records of self-reported swingers to that of the general population found that STI prevalence was highest in young people, homosexual men, and swingers.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/sti.2009.041954 |pmid=20577016 |title=Older and swinging; need to identify hidden and emerging risk groups at STI clinics |journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=315–317 |year=2010 |last1=Dukers-Muijrers |first1=N. H. T. M. |last2=Niekamp |first2=A.-M. |last3=Brouwers |first3=E. E. H. G. |last4=Hoebe |first4=C. J. P. A. |s2cid=30446684 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00557469/file/PEER_stage2_10.1136%252Fsti.2009.041954.pdf }}</ref> However, this study has been criticized as not being representative of swinger populations as a whole: its data was formulated solely on patients receiving treatment at an STI clinic. In addition, according to the conclusions of the report, the STI rates of swingers were in fact nearly identical to those of non-swinging straight couples, and concluded that the safest demographic for STI infection were female prostitutes. According to the Dutch study, "the combined rates of [[chlamydia]] and [[gonorrhea]] were just over 10% among straight people, 14% among gay men, just under 5% in female prostitutes, and 10.4% among swingers."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sex-diseases-swingers-idUSTRE65M6NX20100623 |work=Reuters |title=Disease risk higher for swingers than prostitutes |date=2010-06-23}}</ref>
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Later in the 1960s at the height of the ''[[Free love|Free Love]]'' movement, the activities associated with swinging became more widespread in a variety of social classes and age levels.<ref name="Stonesex">{{harvnb|Stone|1994|loc=[http://www.hipplanet.com/books/atoz/sex.htm "Sex, Love and Hippies"]}}.</ref> In the 1970s, sometimes referred to as "The Swinging '70s",<ref>{{cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Gary |title=The swinging '70s: retreating to Plato's |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-mar-29-ca-swing29-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=17 October 2022 |date=29 March 2009}}</ref> swinging activities became more prevalent, but were still considered "alternative" or "fringe" because of their association with non-mainstream groups such as [[Intentional community|communes]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheff |first=Elisabeth |title=Gender, Family, and Sexuality: Exploring Polyamorous Community |year=2005 |publisher=University of Colorado |pages=648}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}
In 2002, swingers' rights were added to the mission of the [American] [[National Coalition for Sexual Freedom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ncsfreedom.org/who-we-are/about-ncsf/ncsf-mission-statement|title=NCSFreedom - NCSF Mission Statement|first=Deb|last=Cinkus|date=23 July 2021|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222084129/http://www.ncsfreedom.org/who-we-are/about-ncsf/ncsf-mission-statement|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncsfreedom.org/who-we-are/the-history-of-the-ncsf/|title = History of NCSF| date=6 August 2019 }}</ref>
A common myth claims that a
According to economic studies on swinging,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = D'Orlando | first1 = Fabio | year = 2010 | title = Swinger Economics | journal = The Journal of Socio-Economics | volume = 39 | issue = 2| pages = 303–304 | doi=10.1016/j.socec.2009.12.008}}</ref> the information and communications technology revolution, together with improvements in medicine, has been effective in reducing some of the costs of swinging and hence in increasing the number of swingers.
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* [[Libertine]]
* [[Meet market]]
* [[Netorare|(NTR) Netorare / Netorase / Netori]]
* [[Open marriage]]
* [[Polyamory]]
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[[Category:Swinging (sexual practice)| ]]
[[Category:Group sex]]
[[Category:Sexual fidelity]]
[[Category:Casual sex]]
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