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{{short description|
{{globalize||United States|date=June 2023}}
{{Close Relationships}}
'''Swinging''',
The
The swingers community sometimes refers to itself as "the lifestyle", or as "the alternative lifestyle".<ref>{{cite book|last=Bergstrand|first=Curtis R.|title=Swinging in America : love, sex, and marriage in the 21st century|year=2010|publisher=Praeger/ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=978-0313379666|author2=Sinski, Jennifer Blevins }}</ref> <!-- not supported in article: Another term, "hotwife / hotwifing" specifically refers to a married woman who often has sexual relations with different men, with the approval of her husband. -->
==Description==
[[John Stossel]] produced an investigative news report into the swinging lifestyle. Stossel's report in 2005 cited [[Terry Gould]]'s research, which concluded that "couples swing in order to not cheat on their partners". When Stossel asked swinging couples whether they worry their spouse will "find they like someone else better
▲[[John Stossel]] produced an investigative news report into the swinging lifestyle. Stossel's report in 2005 cited [[Terry Gould]]'s research, which concluded that "couples swing in order to not cheat on their partners". When Stossel asked swinging couples whether they worry their spouse will "find they like someone else better," one male replied, "People in the swinging community swing for a reason. They don't swing to go out and find a new wife;" a woman asserted, "It makes women more confident – that they are the ones in charge." Stossel interviewed 12 marriage counselors. According to Stossel, "not one of them said don't do it," though some said "getting sexual thrills outside of marriage can threaten a marriage". Swingers whom Stossel interviewed said "their marriages are stronger because they don't have affairs and they don't lie to each other."<ref name="ABC">{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/2020/Health/story?id=2395727&page=1#.UG4e3U3A_Jc |title=The 'Lifestyle' – Real-Life Wife Swaps |date=18 March 2005 |publisher=ABC 20/20}}</ref>
Swinging can take place in a number of contexts, ranging from spontaneous sexual activity involving partner swapping or adding a third or more participants at an informal gathering of friends to planned regular social meetings to "[[Casual sex|hooking up]]" with like-minded people at a [[sex club]] (also known as a swinger club, not to be confused with a [[strip club]]). Different clubs offer varied facilities and atmospheres, and often hold "theme" nights.
Swinging is also known to take place in semi-public venues such as hotels, resorts, or cruise ships, or often in private homes.<ref name="Goodman">{{cite web |last=Goodman |first=Hallie |title=Happily Married Swingers |url=http://www.redbookmag.com/love-sex/advice/happy-swinger-couples |publisher=Redbook |access-date=2 July 2013|date=September 2017 }}</ref> Furthermore, many websites that cater to swinging couples now exist, some
In 2018, a study of the prevalence of non-monogamous practices in the [[United States]] estimated that 2.35% of Americans currently self-identify as swingers and 4.76% had identified as swingers at some point in their lifetime.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.31234/osf.io/st2k5 |title=Counting polyamorists who count: Prevalence and definitions of an under-researched form of consensual nonmonogamy |last1=Burleigh |first1=Tyler |last2=Rubel |first2=Alicia |journal=PsyArXiv |url=http://psyarxiv.com/st2k5/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rudder |first=Marisa |title=Hotwife: A Couple's Guide to Hotwifing |publisher=Randall Caruso |date=Dec 18, 2021 |isbn=9781736183557 |edition=11 |location=USA |pages=125 |language=English}}</ref>
== Effects ==
=== Relationship quality ===
Research on swinging has been conducted in the United States since the late 1960s. One 2000 study, based on an Internet questionnaire addressed to visitors of swinger-related sites, found swingers reported happiness is higher in their relationships than the norm-reported
Sixty percent said that swinging improved their relationship; 1.7% said swinging made their relationship less happy. Approximately 50% of those who rated their relationship "very happy" before becoming swingers maintained their relationship had become happier. 90% of those with less happy relationships said swinging improved them. Almost 70% of swingers claimed no problem with jealousy; approximately 25% admitted "I have difficulty controlling jealousy when swinging" as "somewhat true", while 6% said this was "yes, very much" true. Swingers rate themselves happier ("very happy": 59% of swingers compared to 32% of non-swingers) and their lives more "exciting" (76% of swingers compared to 54% of non-swingers) than non-swingers, by significantly large margins. There was no significant difference between responses of men and women, although more males (70%) than females completed the survey. This study, which only polled self-identified swingers, is of limited use to a broader application to the rest of society ([[external validity]]) owing to [[self-selection bias|self-selected sampling]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}
Some believe sexual attraction is part of human nature and should be openly enjoyed by a committed or married couple. Some swingers cite divorce-data in the US, claiming the lack of quality of sex and spousal infidelity are significant factors in divorce. One study showed 37% of husbands and 29% of wives admit at least one extramarital affair (Reinisch, 1990), and divorce
===Sexually-transmitted infections===
Swingers are exposed to the same types of risks as people who engage in [[casual sex]], with the main concerns being the risk of pregnancy or contracting a [[sexually transmitted infection]] (STI). Some swingers engage in
A Dutch study that compared the medical records of self-reported swingers to that of the general population found that STI prevalence was highest in young people, homosexual men, and swingers.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/sti.2009.041954 |pmid=20577016 |title=Older and swinging; need to identify hidden and emerging risk groups at STI clinics |journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=315–317 |year=2010 |last1=Dukers-Muijrers |first1=N. H. T. M. |last2=Niekamp |first2=A.-M. |last3=Brouwers |first3=E. E. H. G. |last4=Hoebe |first4=C. J. P. A. |s2cid=30446684 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00557469/file/PEER_stage2_10.1136%252Fsti.2009.041954.pdf }}</ref> However, this study has been criticized as not being representative of swinger populations as a whole: its data was formulated solely on patients receiving treatment at an STI clinic. In addition, according to the conclusions of the report, the STI rates of swingers were in fact nearly identical to those of non-swinging straight couples, and concluded that the safest demographic for STI infection were female prostitutes. According to the Dutch study, "the combined rates of [[chlamydia]] and [[gonorrhea]] were just over 10% among straight people, 14% among gay men, just under 5% in female prostitutes, and 10.4% among swingers."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sex-diseases-swingers-idUSTRE65M6NX20100623 |work=Reuters |title=Disease risk higher for swingers than prostitutes |date=2010-06-23}}</ref>
=== Pregnancy ===
{{
While unwanted pregnancy is a risk with heterosexual vaginal sex in general, the possibility of impregnation by someone other than the committed-to partner adds a layer of concern, and may require prior discussion between the involved parties to establish consent about handling such a scenario.
==In North American society==
According to [[Terry Gould]]'s ''The Lifestyle: A look at the erotic rites of swingers'',<ref>Terry Gould, ''The Lifestyle: a look at the erotic rites of swingers''. Vintage Canada, November 23, 1999 {{ISBN|1-55209-482-0}}</ref> swinging began among American [[United States Army Air Forces|Air Force]] pilots and their wives during [[World War II]] before pilots left for overseas duty. The mortality rate of pilots was so high, as Gould reports, that a close bond arose between pilot families that implied that pilot husbands would care for all the wives as their own – emotionally and sexually – if the husbands were lost.<ref>[http://www.homerf.org History of Wife Swapping], homerf.org</ref> The realities of the demographics and basing of US Army Air Force (USAAF) pilots and crew suggest that this arrangement did not evolve during WWII, instead evolving later.<ref>{{cite web |title='Bloody Hundredth' B-17 Pilot Shares WWII Experiences |url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/story/Article/3022302/bloody-hundredth-b-17-pilot-shares-wwii-experiences/ |website=U.S. Department of Defense |access-date=10 October 2022}}</ref> US military personnel in WWII were not accompanied by their families (and many, especially in the USAAF, were single) – the giant military bases where families live while accompanying a deployed soldier, sailor, aviator, or Marine are mostly [[Cold War]] creations.<ref>{{cite web |title=- ISSUES AFFECTING FAMILIES OF SOLDIERS, SAILORS, AIRMEN, AND MARINES |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-108shrg96602/html/CHRG-108shrg96602.htm |website=www.govinfo.gov |access-date=10 October 2022}}</ref> Though the origins of swinging are contested, it is assumed{{by whom|date=June 2019}} American swinging was practiced in some American military communities in the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web |title=history - Did WW2 pilots lead a swinger's lifestyle to ensure that their friends would take care of their family if they died? |url=https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/28276/did-ww2-pilots-lead-a-swingers-lifestyle-to-ensure-that-their-friends-would-tak |website=Skeptics Stack Exchange |access-date=10 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> By the time the [[Korean War]] ended, swinging had spread from the military to the [[suburb]]s. The media{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} dubbed the phenomenon wife-swapping.<ref>[http://www.libchrist.com/swing/began.html The History and Definitions of Swinging which is Couples Only], Liberated Christians, Inc.</ref>
Later in the 1960s
In 2002,
A
According to economic studies on swinging,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = D'Orlando | first1 = Fabio | year = 2010 | title = Swinger Economics | journal = The Journal of Socio-Economics | volume = 39 | issue = 2| pages = 303–304 | doi=10.1016/j.socec.2009.12.008}}</ref> the information and communications technology revolution, together with improvements in medicine, has been effective in reducing some of the costs of swinging and hence in increasing the number of swingers.
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{{div col}}
* [[Candaulism]]
* [[Concubinage]]
* [[Contact magazine]]
* [[Cuckold]]
* [[Cuckquean]]
* [[Gang bang]]
* [[Group marriage]]
* [[Group sex]]
* [[Hedonism]]
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* [[Libertine]]
* [[Meet market]]
* [[Netorare|(NTR) Netorare / Netorase / Netori]]
* [[Open marriage]]
* [[Polyamory]]
* [[Polyfidelity]]
* [[Promiscuity]]
* [[Unicorn hunting]]
{{div col end}}
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[[Category:Swinging (sexual practice)| ]]
[[Category:Group sex]]
[[Category:Sexual fidelity]]
[[Category:Casual sex]]
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