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All satellite images produced by [[NASA]] are published by [[NASA Earth Observatory]] and are freely available to the public. Several other countries have satellite imaging programs, and a collaborative European effort launched the [[European Remote-Sensing Satellite|ERS]] and [[Envisat]] satellites carrying various sensors. There are also private companies that provide commercial satellite imagery. In the early 21st century satellite imagery became widely available when affordable, easy to use software with access to satellite imagery databases was offered by several companies and organizations.
== Satellite image applications ==
Satellite images have many applications in various fields.
* [[Weather]]: They guide meteorologists in forecasting patterns, tracking storms, and understanding climate change.
* [[Oceanography]]: By measuring sea temperatures and monitoring ecosystems, satellite images unlock insights into our oceans' health and global climate.
* [[Agriculture]] and [[Fishing]]: Satellite data helps locate fish populations, assess crop health, and optimize resource use for a thriving agricultural and fishing industry.
* [[Biodiversity]]: Conservation efforts leverage satellite technology to map habitats, monitor ecosystem changes, and protect endangered species.
* [[forestry]]: Satellite data empowers sustainable forestry by tracking deforestation, assessing fire risks, and managing resources effectively.
* [[landscape]]: Analyzing land use patterns with satellite images supports urban planning and facilitates sustainable development initiatives.
Less mainstream uses include anomaly hunting, a criticized investigation technique involving the search of satellite images for unexplained phenomena.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Radford |first=Benjamin |author-link=Benjamin Radford |date=2019 |title=Anomaly Hunting with Satellite Images |magazine=[[Skeptical Inquirer]] |publisher=[[Center for Inquiry]] |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=32–33 }}</ref>
The spectrum of satellite images is diverse, such as visible light, near-infrared light, infrared light spectrum and radar, etc. These spectra can provide scientists with a lot of rich information. In addition to the satellite applications mentioned above, these data can serve as powerful educational tools, advance scientific research and promote a deeper understanding of our environment. This shows that satellite imagery provides rich information and can promote global development.
== Data characteristics ==
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*The 12-channel ''Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI)'' includes similar channels to those used by MVIRI, providing continuity in climate data over three decades; [[Meteosat Second Generation]] (MSG).
*The ''Flexible Combined Imager (FCI)'' on [[Meteosat#Third Generation ("MTG")|Meteosat Third Generation]] (MTG) will also include similar channels, meaning that all three generations will have provided over 60 years of climate data.
==== Himawari ====
The [[Himawari (satellites)|Himawari]] satellite series represents a significant leap forward in meteorological observation and environmental monitoring. With their advanced imaging technology and frequent data updates, Himawari-8 and Himawari-9 have become indispensable tools for weather forecasting, disaster management, and climate research, benefiting not only Japan but the entire Asia-Pacific region.
*Frequent Updates:These satellites can provide full-disk images of the Asia-Pacific region every 10 minutes, and even more frequently( every 2.5 minutes) for specific areas (Japan), ensuring that meteorologists have up-to-dte information for accurate weather forecasting.
*[[Spectral band|Spectral Bands]]:
**Visible Light Bands (0.47 μm, 0.51 μm, 0.64 μm): These bands are used for daytime cloud, land, and ocean surface observations. They provide high-resolution images that are critical for tracking cloud movements and assessing weather conditions.
**Near-Infrared Bands (0.86 μm, 1.6 μm, 2.3 μm, 6.9 μm, 7.3 μm, 8.6 μm, 9.6 μm, 11.2 μm, 13.3 μm): These bands help in distinguishing between different types of clouds, vegetation, and surface features. They are particularly useful for detecting fog, ice, and snow.
**Infrared Bands (3.9 μm, 6.2 μm, 10.4 μm, 12.4 μm): The remaining bands cover the thermal infrared spectrum. These bands are crucial for measuring cloud-top temperatures, sea surface temperatures, and atmospheric water vapor content. They enable continuous monitoring of weather patterns.
*Advanced Imaging Technology: Himawari-8 and Himawari-9 are equipped with the [https://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/en/himawari89/space_segment/spsg_ahi.html Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI)], which provides high-resolution images of the Earth. The AHI can capture images in 16 different spectral bands, allowing for detailed observation of weather patterns, clouds, and environmental phenomena.
=== Private domain ===
Several satellites are built and maintained by private companies, as follows.
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