New York City Police Department: Difference between revisions

| sizepopulation = 8,468,190 (2021)<ref name="2020Census">{{cite web|title=QuickFacts: New York cityCity, New York|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newyorkcitynewyork/POP010220|access-date=2021-08-17|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|archive-date=October 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023190708/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newyorkcitynewyork/POP010220|url-status=live}}</ref>

The NYPD has [[New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct|a history of police brutality, corruption, and misconduct]], which critics argue persists into the present day.<ref name="kane Kane 2012">{{Cite book|last1=Kane|first1=Robert J.|title=Jammed Up: Bad Cops, Police Misconduct, and the New York City Police Department|date=2012|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-4841-1|last2=White|first2=Michael D.|doi=10.18574/nyu/9780814748411.003.0001}}</ref><ref name="mcardleMcArdle">{{Cite book|last=McArdle|first=Andrea|title=Zero tolerance : quality of life and the new police brutality in New York City|date=2001|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-5631-X|oclc=45094047}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hennelly |first1=Bob |title=New York City's cycle of police corruption: Do reforms stick, and does it matter? |url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/politics/2016/07/new-york-citys-cycle-of-police-corruption-do-reforms-stick-and-does-it-matter/180032/ |access-date=31 July 2020 |work=City & State NY |date=July 17, 2016 |language=en |archive-date=December 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217072621/https://www.cityandstateny.com/politics/2016/07/new-york-citys-cycle-of-police-corruption-do-reforms-stick-and-does-it-matter/180032/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The NYPD appointed its first Black officer in 1911 and the first female officersofficer in 1918.<ref>{{cite web|last=Browne|first=Arthur|title=BOOK EXCERPT: First African-American to join NYPD suffered the silent hatred of his fellow officers|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brought-black-blue-article-1.2273796 |date=June 28, 2015 |access-date=2020-08-03|website=New York Daily News|archive-date=September 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918235312/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brought-black-blue-article-1.2273796|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the mid-1980s, the NYPD began to police street-level drug markets much more intensively, leading to a sharp increase in incarceration.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=Mason B.|date=2021|title=How the Rockefeller Laws Hit the Streets: Drug Policing and the Politics of State Competence in New York City, 1973–1989|journal=Modern American History|volume=4|language=en|pages=67–90|doi=10.1017/mah.2020.23|issn=2515-0456|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The department is administered and governed by the [[New York City Police Commissioner|police commissioner]], who is appointed by the [[Mayor of New York City|mayor]]. Technically, the Commissioner serves a five-year term; as a practical matter, they serve at the mayor's pleasure. The commissioner in turn appoints the first deputy commissioner, numerous deputy commissioners, and the Chief of Department (The most senior uniformed officer). By default, the commissioner and their subordinate deputies are civilians under an oath of office and are not sworn officers. However, a commissioner who comes up from the sworn ranks retains the status and statutory powers of a police officer while serving as commissioner. This affects their police pensions, and their ability to carry a firearm without a pistol permit. Some police commissioners carry a personal firearm, but they also have a full-time security detail.

The [[Chief of Police|Chief of Department]] serves as the senior sworn member of the NYPD. Jeffrey Maddrey, a longtime NYPD veteran,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/about/leadership/chief-of-department.page|title=Chief of Department - NYPD|website=www1.nyc.gov|access-date=2021-01-01|archive-date=May 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518214109/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/about/leadership/chief-of-department.page|url-status=live}}</ref> is the 43rd individual to hold the post.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/about/leadership/chief-of-department.page |title=NYPD Chief Of Department |access-date=January 1, 2022 |archive-date=December 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228205034/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/about/leadership/chief-of-department.page |url-status=live }}</ref> which prior tobefore 1987 was known as the chief of operations and before that as chief inspector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/administration/department_co.shtml|title=NYPD - Administration - Chief of Department |work=The City of New York|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920220513/http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/administration/department_co.shtml|archive-date=2016-09-20}}</ref>

File: New York Police Department officers.jpg|Officers from the Emergency Service Unit

File: NYPD police boat, Brooklyn Bridge and Downtown Brooklyn at sunset.JPG|Police boat patrolling the [[East River]]

File:13a.BeforeCentralPark.NYC.29June2019 29 June 2019 (48237667871 ).jpg |NYPD's [[New York City Police Department Emergency Service Unit|Critical Response]] Command protects high -profile terrorist targets including the NYC residence of former President Donald Trump.

| '''Patrol Services Bureau''' || Chief of Patrol || The Patrol Services Bureau oversees the majority of the NYPD's uniformed patrol officers. This is the largest bureau. It is under the command of the Chief of Patrol. || There are currently eight borough commands (Manhattan North, Manhattan South, Brooklyn North, Brooklyn South, Queens North, Queens South, Staten Island, and The Bronx), with each command headed by an assistant chief. These are further divided into 77 [[Organization of the New York City Police Department#Police precincts|police precincts]], which are commanded by a captain, deputy inspector, or inspector; depending on size.

| '''Crime Control Strategies Bureau''' || Chief of Crime Control Strategies || The Crime Control Strategies Bureau oversees the analysis and monitoring of trends across New York City, develops strategies targeted to reducingreduce crime, and applies strategies to the NYPD. It is under the command of the Chief of Crime Control Strategies || CompStat Unit, Crime Analysis Unit

| '''Collaborative Policing''' || Deputy Commissioner of Collaborative Policing || Collaborative Policing works with non-profits, community-based organizations, faith-based communities, other law enforcement agencies, and other New York City stakeholders on public safety initiatives. It is under the command of the Deputy Commissioner of Collaborative Policing || N/A

| ''' Community Affairs Bureau''' || Chief of Community Affairs || The Community Affairs Bureau works with community leaders, civic organizations, block associations, and the public to educate on police policies and practices; it is also responsible for NYPD officers in schools and investigates [[juvenile delinquency]]. It is under the command of the Chief of Community Affairs.|| Community Outreach Division, Crime Prevention Division, Juvenile Justice Division, [[New York City Police Department School Safety Division|School Safety Division]]

| '''Information Technology Bureau''' || Chief of Information Technology || The Information Technology Bureau oversees the maintenance, research, development, and implementation of technology to support strategies, programs, and procedures within the NYPD. It is under the command of the Chief of Information Technology. || Administration, Fiscal Affairs, Strategic Technology, IT Services Division, Life-Safety Systems, Communications Division

| '''Personnel Bureau''' || Chief of Personnel || The Personnel Bureau oversees the recruitment and selection of personnel, as well as managing the human resource functions of the NYPD. It is under the command of the Chief of Personnel. || Candidate Assessment Division, Career Enhancement Division, Employee Management Division, Personnel Orders Section, Staff Services Section

There are three career "tracks" in the NYPD: supervisory, investigative, and specialist. The supervisory track consists of nine ranks; promotion to the ranks of [[sergeant]], [[lieutenant]], and [[police captain|captain]] are made via competitive [[civil service]] examinations. After reaching the rank of captain, promotion to the ranks of deputy inspector, inspector, deputy chief, assistant chief, (bureau) chief, and chief of department is at the discretion of the police commissioner. Promotion from the rank of police officer to [[detective]] is discretionary by the police commissioner or required by law when the officer has performed eighteen months or more of investigative duty.

Every rank has a different badge design (with the exception ofexcept "police officer" and "probationary police officer") and, upon change in rank, officers receive a new badge. Lower-ranked police officers are identified by their shield numbers, and tax registry numbernumbers. Lieutenants and above do not have shield numbers and are identified by tax registry numbernumbers. All sworn members of the NYPD have their ID card photos taken against a red background. Civilian employees of the NYPD have their ID card photos taken against a blue background, signifying that they are not commissioned to carry a firearm. All ID cards have an expiration date. Although the First Deputy Commissioner and Chief of Department share the same insignia (four stars), the First Deputy Commissioner outranks the Chief of Department. The Deputy Commissioners and Bureau Chiefs/Bureau Chief Chaplains and Chief Surgeon have three stars.

| Deputy Commissioner (havehas no operational command, however, havehas a rank equivalent to a bureau chief)

Of the entire 33,536-member police force in 2023: 47% are white and 53% are members of minority groups. {{More detail needed}}

In 2019 the NYPD responded to 482,337 reports of crime, and made 214,617 arrests.<ref name=":1" /> There were 95,606 major [[Felony|felonies]] reported in 2019, compared to over half a million per year when [[crime in New York City]] peaked during the [[Crack epidemic in the United States|crack epidemic]] of the 1980s and 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Crime Stats - Historical - NYPD|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/stats/crime-statistics/historical.page|access-date=2020-08-29|website=www1.nyc.gov|archive-date=August 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818194407/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/stats/crime-statistics/historical.page|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute]] has been regularly measuring public opinion of the NYPD since 1997, when just under 50% of the public approved of the job the NYPD werewas doing. Approval peaked at 78% in 2002 following the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] terrorist [[September 11 attacks|attacks in September 2001]], and has ranged between 52 and 72% since.<ref name="qu15">{{cite web |title=QU Poll Release Detail |url=https://poll.qu.edu/new-york-city/release-detail?ReleaseID=2226 |website=Quinnipiac University |access-date=18 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020051812/https://poll.qu.edu/new-york-city/release-detail?ReleaseID=2226 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Approval varies by race/ethnicity, with black and Hispanic respondents consistently less likely to say they approve of the job the NYPD areis doing than whites.<ref name="qu15" />

A 2020 poll commissioned by [[Manhattan Institute for Policy Research]] reported that the public approveapproved of the NYPD 53% to 40% against, again with strong racial differences: 59% of whites and Asians approved, as did 51% of Hispanics, whereas 51% of black residents disapproved.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Hendrix |first=Michael |date=2020-08-27|title=Taking the City's Temperature: What New Yorkers Say About Crime, the Cost of Living, Schools, and Reform|url=https://manhattan.institute/article/taking-the-citys-temperature-what-new-yorkers-say-about-crime-the-cost-of-living-schools-and-reform|access-date=22 July 2023|website=Manhattan Institute|language=en|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021032944/https://www.manhattan-institute.org/new-yorkers-views-crime-living-cost-schools|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Civilian Complaint Review Board]] is an all-civilian, 13-member panel tasked with investigating misconduct or lesser abuse accusations against NYPD officers, including use of excessive force, abuse of authority, discourtesy, and offensive language. Complaints against officers may be filed online, by mail, by phone, or in person at any NYPD station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ccrb/about/about.page|title=About - CCRB|website=www1.nyc.gov|access-date=2020-04-21|archive-date=April 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423094404/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ccrb/about/about.page|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 8, 2020, both houses of the New York state assembly passed the [[Eric Garner]] Anti-Chokehold Act, which provides that any police officer in the state of New York who injures or kills somebody through the use of "a chokehold or similar restraint" can be charged with a class C felony, punishable by up to 15 years in prison.<ref name="garnerlegislation">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-york-lawmakers-pass-anti-chokehold-bill-named-for-eric-garner-2020-06-08/ |title=New York lawmakers pass anti-chokehold bill named for Eric Garner |first=Jordan |last=Freiman |date=June 8, 2020 |access-date=June 11, 2020 |work=CBS News |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210083007/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-york-lawmakers-pass-anti-chokehold-bill-named-for-eric-garner-2020-06-08/ |url-status=live }}</ref> New York Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] signed the police reforms into law on June 12, 2020, which he described as "long overdue".<ref name="reformgarner">{{cite web|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/06/12/n-y-gov-cuomo-signs-sweeping-police-reforms-into-law-says-theyre-long-overdue/|title=N.Y. Gov. Cuomo Signs Sweeping Police Reforms Into Law, Says They're 'Long Overdue'|date=June 12, 2020|access-date=June 13, 2020|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210083102/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/06/12/n-y-gov-cuomo-signs-sweeping-police-reforms-into-law-says-theyre-long-overdue/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="garnerlegislation" />

According to a 2021 ''[[FiveThirtyEight]]'' analysis, New York City spent at least an average of US$170 million annually in settlements related to police misconduct over a ten-year periodyears.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomson-DeVeaux|first=Amelia|date=2021-02-22|title=Police Misconduct Costs Cities Millions Every Year. But That's Where The Accountability Ends.|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/police-misconduct-costs-cities-millions-every-year-but-thats-where-the-accountability-ends/|access-date=2021-02-22|website=FiveThirtyEight|language=en-US|archive-date=February 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222151011/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/police-misconduct-costs-cities-millions-every-year-but-thats-where-the-accountability-ends/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the 1990s the department developed a ''[[CompStat]]'' system of management which has also since been established in other cities. The NYPD has extensive [[crime scene]] investigation and laboratory resources, as well as units that assist with [[Cybercrime|computer crime]] investigations. In 2005, the NYPD established a "Real Time Crime Center" to assist in investigations;<ref name="Schmidt2">Michael S. Schmidt, [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/18/nyregion/18tattoo.html Have a Tattoo or Walk With a Limp? The Police May Know] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619132201/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/18/nyregion/18tattoo.html |date=June 19, 2020 }}, ''New York Times'' (February 18, 2010).</ref> thisThis is essentially a searchable database thethat pulls information from departmental records, including traffic tickets, court summonses, and previous complaints to reports,<ref>Joseph Goldstein, [https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/10/if-the-son-of-sam-were-on-the-loose-today/ If Son of Sam Were on the Loose Today] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805215832/https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/10/if-the-son-of-sam-were-on-the-loose-today/ |date=August 5, 2020 }}, ''New York Times'' (March 10, 2011).</ref> as well as arrest reports.<ref name="Schmidt2" /> The database contains files to identify individuals based on tattoos, body marks, teeth, and skin conditions, based on police records.<ref name="Schmidt2" />

NYPD also maintains the [[Domain Awareness System]], a network that provides information and analytics to police, drawn from a variety of sources, including a network of 9,000 publicly and privately owned [[Closed-circuit television|surveillance cameras]], [[Automatic number-plate recognition|license plate readers]], [[ShotSpotter]] data, NYPD databases and radiation and chemical sensors.<ref>Ángel Díaz, [https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/new-york-city-police-department-surveillance-technology New York City Police Department Surveillance Technology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511213753/https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/new-york-city-police-department-surveillance-technology |date=May 11, 2020 }}, Brennan Center for Justice (October 4, 2019).</ref> The Domain Awareness System of surveillance was developed as part of [[Lower Manhattan Security Initiative]] in a partnership between the NYPD and [[Microsoft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/home/POA/pdf/Technology.pdf|title=Developing the NYPD's Information Technology|publisher=New York Police Department|access-date=June 8, 2019|archive-date=August 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818213813/http://home.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/home/POA/pdf/Technology.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> It allows the NYPD to track surveillance targets and gain detailed information about them. It also has access to data from at least 2 billion license plate readings, 100 million summonses, 54 million 911 calls, 15 million complaints, 12 million detective reports, 11 million arrests, and 2 million warrants. The data from the 9,000 CCTV cameras is kept for 30 days. Text records are searchable. The system is connected to 9,000 video cameras around New York City.<ref name="informs-2017">{{cite journal|last1=Levine|first1=E. S.|last2=Tisch|first2=Jessica|last3=Tasso|first3=Anthony|last4=Joy|first4=Michael|date=February 2017|title=The New York City Police Department's Domain Awareness System|journal=Interfaces|volume=47|issue=1|pages=70–84|doi=10.1287/inte.2016.0860}}</ref>

In 2020, the NYPD deployed a robotic dog, known as Digidog, manufactured by [[Boston Dynamics]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Richardson|first=Kemberly|date=2020-12-11|title=NY Police Department's new robot dog, 'Digidog', is already saving lives|url=https://abc7news.com/8678069/|access-date=2021-04-25|website=ABC7 San Francisco|language=en|archive-date=April 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425144740/https://abc7news.com/8678069/|url-status=live}}</ref> The robotic dog has cameras which send back real-time footage along with lights and two-way communication, and it is able to navigate on its own using artificial intelligence.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cramer |first1=Maria |last2=Hauser |first2=Christine |title=Digidog, a Robotic Dog Used by the Police, Stirs Privacy Concerns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/27/nyregion/nypd-robot-dog.html |access-date=14 April 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414021433/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/27/nyregion/nypd-robot-dog.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dowd |first1=Trone |title=The NYPD Sent a Creepy Robotic Dog Into a Bronx Apartment Building |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3gjjw/the-nypd-sent-a-creepy-robotic-dog-into-a-bronx-apartment-building |access-date=14 April 2021 |work=[[Vice News]] |date=February 23, 2021 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414022536/https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3gjjw/the-nypd-sent-a-creepy-robotic-dog-into-a-bronx-apartment-building |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Richardson |first1=Kemberly |title=Exclusive: A look at the NYPD's new robot dog |url=https://abc7ny.com/nypd-robot-dog-digidog-k9-artificial-intelligence/8669769/ |access-date=14 April 2021 |publisher=[[WABC-TV]] |date=10 December 2020 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414022537/https://abc7ny.com/nypd-robot-dog-digidog-k9-artificial-intelligence/8669769/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=pix11/> Reaction by locals to Digidog was mixed.<ref name=wired/> Deployment of Digidog led to condemnation from the Surveillance Technology Oversight Project and the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] due to privacy concerns.<ref name=pix11/><ref name=wired/> In response to its deployment, a city councilmembercouncil member has proposed a law banning armed robots; this would not apply to Digidog as Digidog is not armed and Boston Dynamics prohibits arming of its robots.<ref name=wired>{{Cite news|title=A New York Lawmaker Wants to Ban Police Use of Armed Robots|language=en-US|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/new-york-lawmaker-wants-ban-police-armed-robots/ |first1=Sidney |last1=Fussell |date=Mar 18, 2021 |access-date=2021-04-25|issn=1059-1028|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422023514/https://www.wired.com/story/new-york-lawmaker-wants-ban-police-armed-robots/|url-status=live}}</ref> On April 24, 2021, U.S. Representative [[Ritchie Torres]] proposed new federal legislation requiring police departments receiving federal funds to report use of surveillance technology to the [[Department of Homeland Security]] and Congress.<ref name=pix11>{{cite web|date=2021-04-24|title=NYPD robotic dog prompts New York Rep. Torres to draft legislation|url=https://pix11.com/news/local-news/bronx/nypd-robotic-dog-prompts-new-york-rep-torres-to-draft-legislation/ |first1=Allison |last1=Kaden |access-date=2021-04-25|website=PIX11|language=en-US|archive-date=April 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425144741/https://pix11.com/news/local-news/bronx/nypd-robotic-dog-prompts-new-york-rep-torres-to-draft-legislation/|url-status=live}}</ref> The NYPD states that the robot is meant for hostage, terrorism, bomb threat, and hazardous material situations, and that it was properly disclosed to the public under current law.<ref name=pix11/> Following continued push backpushback against Digidog, including opposition to the system's $94,000 price tag, the NYPD announced on April 28, 2021, that its lease would be terminated.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zaveri|first=Mihir|date=2021-04-28|title=N.Y.P.D. Robot Dog's Run Is Cut Short After Fierce Backlash|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/28/nyregion/nypd-robot-dog-backlash.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2021-04-29|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429231328/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/28/nyregion/nypd-robot-dog-backlash.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2023, Mayor [[Eric Adams]] announced the revival of the Digidog program in a reversal of his predecessor [[Bill de Blasio]], saying "Digidog is out of the pound." Two robots were purchased at that time for a total of $750,000 using funds from [[asset forfeiture]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubinstein |first=Dana |date=2023-04-11 |title=Security Robots. DigiDog. GPS Launchers. Welcome to New York. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/11/nyregion/nypd-digidog-robot-crime.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-04-12 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

New NYPD officers are allowed to choose from one of two [[9×19mm Parabellum|9mm]] [[service pistol]]s: the [[Glock 17L|Glock 17 Gen4]] and [[Glock 17L|Glock 19 Gen4]].<ref name="thefirearmblog.com">{{cite web|title=NYPD Set to Retire Last of its Revolvers |website= The Firearm Blog |first1=Matthew |last1=Moss |url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/11/30/nypd-set-retire-last-revolvers/|date=30 November 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035147/http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/11/30/nypd-set-retire-last-revolvers/|archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> All duty handguns were previously modified to a 12-[[pound-force|pound]] (53 [[newton (units)|N]]) NY-2 trigger pull, though new recruits were being issued handguns with a lighter trigger pull as of 2021.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parascandola|first=Rocco|title=NYPD will issue easier-to-fire guns to new recruits, aiming for improved accuracy|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-nypd-trigger-pull-change-20210825-s4wbvq5rwjcwlacm5i5eyarvha-story.html |date=August 25, 2021 |access-date=2022-01-10|website=New York Daily News|archive-date=January 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110035032/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-nypd-trigger-pull-change-20210825-s4wbvq5rwjcwlacm5i5eyarvha-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Smith & Wesson Model 5906|Smith & Wesson 5946]] semi-automatic 9mm with a double action only (DAO) trigger, was issued to new recruits in the past;<ref>{{cite web|title=Training Bureau &#124; Firearms & Tactics Section|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/training_nypd/firearm_tatics.shtml|publisher=The City of New York|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312090654/http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/training_nypd/firearm_tatics.shtml|archive-date=March 12, 2009}}</ref> however, the pistol has been discontinued.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.luckygunner.com/lounge/guide-smith-wesson-semi-automatic-models/|title=Guide to Smith & Wesson Semi-Auto Pistols & Their Model Numbers|website=www.luckygunner.com|date=January 9, 2015 |access-date=November 30, 2017|archive-date=June 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619175130/http://www.luckygunner.com/lounge/guide-smith-wesson-semi-automatic-models/|url-status=live}}</ref> While it is no longer an option for new hires, officers who were issued the weapon may continue to use it.

From 1926 until 1986 the standard weapons of the department were the [[Smith & Wesson Model 10]] and the [[Colt Official Police]] [[.38 Special]] revolvers with four-inch barrels. Female officers had the option to choose to carry a three-inch barrel revolver instead of the normal four-inch model due to its lighter weight. Prior toBefore 1994, the standard weapon of the NYPD was the [[Smith & Wesson Model 64]] DAO, a .38 Special revolver with a three- or four-inch barrel, and the [[Ruger Security-Six|Ruger Police Service-Six]] with a four-inch barrel. This type of revolver was called the Model NY-1 by the department. After the switch in 1994 to semi-automatic pistols, officers who privately purchased [[revolver]]s before January 1, 1994, were allowed to use them for duty use until August 31, 2018. They were [[Grandfather clause|grandfathered]] in as approved off-duty guns.<ref name="thefirearmblog.com"/>

Prior toBefore the issuing of the 9mm semi-automatic pistol NYPD detectives and plainclothes officers often carried the [[Colt Detective Special]] and/or the [[Smith & Wesson Model 36]] "Chief's Special" .38 Special caliber snub-nosed (two-inch) barrel revolvers for their ease of concealment while dressed in civilian clothes.

The NYPD is affiliated with the [[New York City Police Foundation]] and the [[New York City Police Museum]]. It also runs a Youth Police academy to provide a positive interaction with police officers and to educate young people about the challenges and responsibilityresponsibilities of police work. The NYPD additionally sponsors a Law Enforcement Explorer Program through the Scouting Program (formerly the Boy Scouts of America).<ref>{{cite web |title=New York City Exploring – Discover Your Future |url=https://nyexploring.org/ |access-date=2022-04-16 |language=en-US |archive-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417185239/https://nyexploring.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The department also operates the Citizens Police Academy, which educates the public on basic law and policing procedures.

* Miller, Wilbur R. ''Cops, and bobbies: Police authority in New York and London, 1830–1870'' (The Ohio State University Press, 1999)