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McKissack & McKissack

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McKissack & McKissack is an American architecture, engineering, program management and construction firm based in Washington, D.C. It is the oldest Black-owned architecture and construction company in the United States.[7]

McKissack & McKissack
IndustryArchitecture
Engineering
Construction
Founded1905; 119 years ago (1905), as solo firm
1922, as McKissack & McKissack partnership
FounderMoses McKissack III
Calvin Lunsford McKissack
Headquarters
United States Edit this on Wikidata
Area served
New York,[1] Pennsylvania,[2] New Jersey,[3] Connecticut,[4] Georgia,[5] and Louisiana[6]
Key people
Services
Websitehttps://www.mckissack.com

The firm was founded in 1905 in Nashville, Tennessee by Moses McKissack, the grandson of a slave who had been brought to the United States from West Africa and put to work making bricks. Moses III, the slave's grandson, became an accomplished carpenter and eventually teamed with his brother Calvin McKissack to found the company.[8][5][9]

The company's best-known projects is the Carnegie Library at Fisk University, built in 1908. They have also participated in airport renovation and modernization projects at John F. Kennedy International and LaGuardia airports in New York,[7] O'Hare International and Midway International in Chicago and Ronald Reagan Washington National and Dulles International airports in Washington.

History

The firm was founded by Moses McKissack III (May 8, 1879 – December 12, 1952) in 1905, who was later joined by his brother Calvin Lunsford McKissack (February 23, 1890 – March 2, 1968) to form the McKissack & McKissack partnership in 1922.[10] The brothers were natives of Pulaski, Tennessee.[11][10] Their father (Moses McKissack II) and grandfather (Moses McKissack) were both trained builders.[11][10] Moses McKissack was sold into slavery after being captured in West Africa, and was sold to an American contractor named William McKissack of North Carolina.[12] Moses was trained to make bricks for construction projects and became a master builder.[12] When Moses was eventually granted his freedom, he began to sell his bricks.[12][13]

Moses McKissack II went on to become a master carpenter, and built the gingerbread finishes on the Maxwell House Hotel.[14] Moses McKissack III entered the architecture trade by working as an apprentice to a builder in Pulaski who hired him in 1890 to assist with architectural designs, drawings and building construction.[5]: 3  His formal education was obtained at the Pulaski Colored High School.[5]: 3  Calvin McKissack was educated at Fisk University in Nashville, which he attended from 1905 to 1909.[5]: 5  Both brothers obtained architectural degrees through a correspondence course.[5]: 5 [10]

Early projects

Between 1895 and 1905, Moses McKissack built houses in Decatur, Alabama, and Mount Pleasant and Columbia, Tennessee.[11] In 1905, Moses officially launched McKissack & McKissack as a construction firm.[12] Also in 1905, Moses received a commission to build a new house for the dean of architecture and engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville.[11] He opened his first architectural office in Nashville in 1907.[5]: 5  The firm's first major project was to design the Carnegie Library on the Fisk University campus, a two-story Classic Revival building constructed from brick with a stone columned porch, featuring an interior light well. Its cornerstone was laid in 1908 by William Howard Taft, then the U.S. Secretary of War.[15][16]

Major projects designed by Moses McKissack during the 1910s include the dormitories for Roger Williams University in Nashville and Lane College in Jackson, Tennessee.[12] From 1918 and 1922, Moses designed more than one dozen residences in Nashville and Belle Meade, largely in the Colonial Revival style.[5]: 5 

Calvin McKissack started an independent practice in Dallas, Texas, in 1912, specializing in the design and construction of dormitories and black schools.[5]: 5  In 1915, he returned to Tennessee, becoming superintendent of industries and a teacher of architectural drawing at the Tennessee Agricultural and Industrial State Normal School.[12] In 1918, Calvin joined the faculty of Pearl High School as director of the industrial arts department and later became the first executive secretary of the Tennessee State Association of Teachers in Colored Schools.[15][12] In 1921, McKissack & McKissack built the historic Hubbard House in Nashville.[12] When Tennessee instituted a registration law for architects in 1922, the McKissack brothers were initially denied their licenses.[5]: 6  However, after petitioning the state and obtaining architectural degrees, the brothers got their licenses and became the first licensed black architects in the United States [5]: 2 [13]

Moses McKissack III died on December 12, 1952. Calvin McKissack remained with the firm until his death in 1968.[15] William DeBerry McKissack, the youngest son of Moses III, then succeeded his uncle as president of the firm.[15][9] After suffering a stroke, he retired due to illness,[15][17] and his wife, Leatrice Buchanan McKissack, became chief executive officer.[18] Under her leadership, the firm won major contracts for new buildings and renovations at the Fisk University, Tennessee State University and Meharry Medical College campuses in Nashville, as well as a $50 million renovation project for Howard University in Washington, D.C., and design of the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis.[9][17]

New York operations

Cheryl McKissack Daniel, twin sister of Deryl McKissack, heads the New York operations.[19]

Works

As of 1975 McKissack & McKissack had completed over 3,000 building projects, including about 2,000 churches.[5] Several buildings designed by Moses McKissack, Calvin McKissack, or the McKissack & McKissack firm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[5][20]

As Moses McKissack III

  • Carnegie Library (1908), 17th Avenue North, Fisk University campus, Nashville, Tennessee. NRHP-listed.
  • House residence (1919), 340 Chesterfield, Nashville, Tennessee
  • George Hubbard House (1920), 1109 First Avenue South, Nashville. Colonial Revival, NRHP-listed.
  • Comer residence (1920), 1411 Eastland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee
  • Bastian residence (1921), 3722 Central Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee
  • Sexton residence (1921), 3506 Byron Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee

As McKissack & McKissack

References

  1. ^ "Inside the nation's oldest African-American-owned, female-run construction management firm". CBS News. June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
  2. ^ Jones, Ayana (March 1, 2021). "Black-owned construction firm thrives under fifth generation leadership". Philadelphia Tribune. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
  3. ^ McKinney, Jeffrey (August 8, 2019). "She Took Over Her Family's 114-Year-Old Construction Company And Turned It Into a $50 Million Powerhouse". Black Enterprise. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
  4. ^ Lockhart, Brian (August 21, 2013). "Finch has already raised $119K for 2015 race". CT Post. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: McKissack and McKissack Buildings in Nashville (1908-1930) Thematic Resources" (PDF). National Park Service (1985). November 21, 1984. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012.
  6. ^ La Guerre, Liam (February 14, 2018). "Why Construction Firm McKissack Added Natural Disaster Relief to Its Repertoire". Commercial Observer. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Inside the nation's oldest African-American-owned, female-run construction management firm". CBS News. June 8, 2019. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  8. ^ "From Slave Labor to Thriving Business › Family Business Magazine". www.familybusinessmagazine.com. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  9. ^ a b c "McKissack & McKissack". AT&T Tennessee African-American History Calendar. AT&T. July 2013. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
  10. ^ a b c d Flynn, Katherine (2021-08-11). "Pioneering Architects: The McKissack Family - AIA". The American Institute of Architects. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  11. ^ a b c d Wynn, Linda T. "McKissack and McKissack Architects". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Arntz, Sarah (2021-04-01). "Building Nashville: A History of the McKissack & McKissack Architecture Firm". Nashville Public Library. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
  13. ^ a b Lauria-Blum, Julia (2022-03-08). "The Keeper of a Storied Legacy". Metropolitan Airport News. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  14. ^ "From Slave Labor to Thriving Business › Family Business Magazine". www.familybusinessmagazine.com. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  15. ^ a b c d e Wynn, Linda T. "McKissack and McKissack Architects (1905- )". Tennessee State University. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
  16. ^ Daverman, Richard (2002-05-01). "McKissack & McKissack, historic African-American architecture firm, files Chapter 7". Archived from the original on 2023-01-28. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
  17. ^ a b "Leatrice McKissack, National Visionary". National Visionary Leadership Project. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
  18. ^ Sources disagree on the date of his retirement. The AT&T Tennessee African-American History Calendar gives it as 1975, while the National Visionary Leadership Project gives it as 1983.
  19. ^ Marino, Vivian (February 12, 2013). "Interview: Cheryl McKissack Daniel". New York Times.
  20. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Daverman, Richard (May 1, 2002). "McKissack & McKissack, historic African-American architecture firm, files Chapter 7". Nashville Post. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  23. ^ Lind, J. R. "Historic Buildings in Nashville's Black Neighborhoods Are Disappearing". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  24. ^ "President's House at Texas College". NPGallery, Digital Asset Management System.
 
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