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{{short description|Italian engineer and inventor}}
[[File:Leonardo Chiariglione.jpg|thumb|Leonardo Chiariglione in 2011]]
'''Leonardo Chiariglione''' ({{IPA-it|kjariʎˈʎoːne|IPA}}) (born 30 January 1943 (age {{age|1943|01|19}}) in [[Almese]], [[Province of Turin|Turin province]], [[Piedmont, Italy]]) is an Italian engineer who has led the development of [[international standard|international]] [[technical standard]]s for [[digital media]].<ref name="Time"/> In particular, he was the chairman of the [[Moving Picture Experts Group]] (MPEG) from 1988 to 2020,<ref>{{cite web |title= Digital Revolutionary: Interview with Leonardo Chiariglione |work= [[Scientific American]] |url= http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=digital-revolutionary-int |first= Sergio |last= Pistoi |date=22 March 2004 |access-date=28 June 2021}}</ref> which he co-founded together with [[Hiroshi Yasuda]] of [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT]].
'''Leonardo Chiariglione''' ({{IPA-it|kjariʎˈʎioːne|IPA}}) (born 30 January 1943 in [[Almese]], [[Province of Turin|Turin province]], Piedmont, Italy) is an Italian
engineer. He has been at the forefront of a number of initiatives that have helped shape media technology and business as we know them today,<ref name="Time"/> in particular he is the chairman and co-founded the [[Moving Picture Experts Group]] ([[MPEG]])<ref>[[Scientific American]]: [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=digital-revolutionary-int SDMI Needs to Secure New Chief], March 22, 2004</ref> together with [[Hiroshi Yasuda]].
 
== Biography ==
After receiving thea classical High[[Education Schoolin degreeItaly|high school education]] at the [[Liceo Salesiano Valsalice]] in Turin, he earned a masters[[master's degree]] in Electronic[[electronic Engineeringengineering]] at the [[Polytechnic University of Turin|Polytechnic of Turin]] (in 1967), then obtained hisa [[Ph.D. degree]] at the [[University of Tokyo]] in 1973, where he also learned to speak Japanese. Chiariglione speaks five languages, including English and French.
 
From March 1971 until July 2003, he was with [[CSELT]], the corporate research center of the [[Telecom Italia]] group. His final position there was Vicevice Presidentpresident, Multimediamultimedia, at Telecom Italia Lab, the new name given to CSELT in 2001.
 
ButThe the projectinitiative for which he is probably best known started in 1988, when he originated the [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]/[[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] standardization activity known as [[MPEG]] (or Moving Picture Experts Group) (officiallyoriginally ISO TC97TC&nbsp;97/SC2/WG8SC&nbsp;2/MPEGWG&nbsp;8, nowlater [[ISO/IEC JTC 1]] [[InternationalISO/IEC ElectrotechnicalJTC Commission1/SC 29|IECSC&nbsp;29]]-JTC1/SC29/WG11WG&nbsp;11), of which he has beenwas the Convenor (chairman) from theits start until June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A future without MPEG |first= Leonardo |last= Chiariglione |work= Leonardo's Blog |url=https://blog.chiariglione.org/a-future-without-mpeg/|access-date=2020-07-01|language=en-US}}</ref> This group, with a membership of over 300 experts, representing 20 countries and various industries having a stake in digital audio and video, produced the [[MPEG-1]] and [[MPEG-2]] standards that have facilitated the emergence of [[digital media|digital audio-visual revolutionmedia]].▼
He has led a number of European collaborative projects :▼
* IVICO – a [[Research and Development in Advanced Communications Technologies in Europe|RACE]] project investigating cost-effective integrated video codecs,▼
* COMIS – an [[European Strategic Program on Research in Information Technology|ESPRIT]] project supporting the development of the MPEG-1 standard and▼
* EU 625 – VADIS a [[EUREKA]] project aiming at developing a European hardware and software technology for the MPEG-2 standard.▼
 
▲He has led a number of European collaborative projects :
He has initiated various efforts to define internationally agreed specifications, such as [[DAVIC]] (the Digital Audio-Visual Council) in 1994 and [[Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents|FIPA]] (the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) in 1996.▼
▲* IVICO – a [[Research and Development in Advanced Communications Technologies in Europe|RACE]] project investigating cost-effective integrated video codecs,
▲* COMIS – an [[European Strategic Program on Research in Information Technology|ESPRIT]] project supporting the development of the MPEG-1 standard and
▲* EU 625 – VADIS – a [[EUREKA]] project aiming at developing a European hardware and software technology for the MPEG-2 standard.
 
▲He hasalso initiated variousother efforts to define internationally agreed technical specifications, such as [[DAVIC]] (the Digital Audio-Visual Council) in 1994 and [[Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents|FIPA]] (the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) in 1996.
▲But the project for which he is probably best known started in 1988, when he originated the [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] standardization activity known as [[MPEG]] (or Moving Picture Experts Group) (officially ISO TC97/SC2/WG8/MPEG, now ISO [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]]-JTC1/SC29/WG11), of which he has been the Convenor from the start. This group, with a membership of over 300 experts, representing 20 countries and various industries having a stake in digital audio and video, produced the [[MPEG-1]] and [[MPEG-2]] standards that have facilitated the digital audio-visual revolution.
 
In 1999, he was asked to bebecame the Executive Director of [[Secure Digital Music Initiative|SDMI]] (the Secure Digital Music Initiative), a forum comprising hundreds of companies with the goal to develop specifications for an [[open standard]] for secure [[digital music]] delivery technology.<ref name="Time">{{cite newsmagazine |title= Time digital 50, 19, Leonardo Chiariglione |url=http://www.time.com/time/digital/digital50/19.html |publisherarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000511035831/http://www.time.com/time/digital/digital50/19.html |archive-date=May 11, 2000 |url-status=dead |magazine= [[Time Magazine(magazine)|Time]] | date=September 27, September 1999 | accessdateaccess-date=May 7, May 2010}}</ref> He stepped down from this post in 2001, having expressed frustration about conflicts between the members of the group, which had failed to produce effective anti-piracy specifications.<ref>{{cite web |first= Lisa |last= Nadile: [|url= https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2001/01/41397 |title= SDMI Needs to Secure New Chief] |work= [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] online, January|date= 24, January 2001 |access-date=28 June 2021}}</ref>
 
He is currently CEO of cedeo.net.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cedeo.net/about.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016004047/http://www.cedeo.net/about.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 16, 2014|title=About|author=|publisher=CEDEO.net|date=|accessdate=1 February 2015}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
==Awards and honors==
Chiariglione has received the [[International Broadcasting Convention|IBC]] 1999 John Tucker Award (1999), [[IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award]] (1999), [[Kilby International Awards|Kilby International Award]] (1998), and [[Institution of Engineering and Technology|IET]] [[Faraday Medal]] (2012).
 
He was appointed as Distinguished Invited Professor at Information and Communication University, [[Daejeon]], Korea, in 2004.
 
Chiariglione was given Honorary Membership of the [[Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers]] (SMPTE) in October 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smpte.org/news-events/news-releases/motion-imaging-industry-luminaries-recognized-smpte%C2%AE-honors-awards|title=Motion-Imaging Industry Luminaries Recognized at SMPTE® Honors & Awards Ceremony|author=|publisherwebsite=[[Society of Motion Picture &and Television Engineers]]|date=10 November 2014|accessdate=1 February 2015}}</ref>
 
Chiariglione was also awarded with Charles F. Jenkins lifetime achievement award (ana Emmy[[Primetime Engineering Emmy Award]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emmys.com/news/awards-news/engineering-awards-170927|title=69th Engineering Emmy Awards Recipients|author=|publisher=|date=27 September 2017|accessdate=23 October 2017}}</ref> in recognition of his 30 years of work beingas co-founder and chairman of Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and leading the MPEGit in setting the worldwide standards for digital video compression and transmission. In hisa blog post,<ref>{{cite web|url=httphttps://blog.chiariglione.org/on-my-charles-f-jenkins-lifetime-achievement-award/ |title=On my Charles F. Jenkins Lifetime Achievement Award|authorfirst=Leonardo |last= Chiariglione|publisherwebsite= Leonardo's Blog|date=27 September 2017|accessdate=2328 OctoberJune 20172021}}</ref> while thanking for this recognition award he also highlighted some big issues that he said needed to be addressed in the future.
 
==References==
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==Further reading==
* {{cite news |title= MPEG founder Dr. Leonardo Chiariglione launches Digital Media Project |url= http://www.drmwatch.com/standards/article.php/3094961 |publisherwebsite=DRM Watch | first= Bill |last= Rosenblatt |date= September 3, September 2003 }}
* {{cite journal |title= Chiariglione and the birth of MPEG (''|work=[[IEEE Spectrum'']] |date= September 1997 Volume|volume= 34 Number|number= 9) [http://www.chiariglione.org/leonardo/media/leonardo_ieee/prof.htm Online copy] at Chiariglione's home page}}
* {{cite journal |title= An interview with Leonardo Chiariglione (''|work=[[IEEE Spectrum'']] |date=January 2000 Volume|volume= 37 Number|number= 1)}}
 
==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.chiariglione.org/|Home Page of Leonardo Chiariglione}}
* {{official website|[https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/| Moving Picture Experts Group}}]
* {{official website|[http://www.cedeo.net/| Cedeo.net, current company of Leonardo}}homepage]
* {{official website|http://www.wim.tv/|Wim.tv, a Media Asset Management platform for trading, crowdsourcing and streaming of audiovisual contents.}}
 
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian inventors]]
[[Category:Italian computer scientists]]
[[Category:MPEG]]
[[Category:University of Tokyo alumni]]
[[Category:Primetime Emmy Engineering Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Almese]]
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