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→Special groups: added text to section about studies fetal exposure to levetiracetam and exposure to the drug via breastmilk Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
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{{
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Infobox drug
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 419931567
| imageL = Levetiracetam.svg
| widthL = 125
| altL =
| imageR = Levetiracetam ball-and-stick model.png
| widthR = 120
| altR =
<!--Clinical data-->
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| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|levetiracetam}}
| MedlinePlus = a699059
| DailyMedID = Levetiracetam
| pregnancy_AU = B3
| pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web |title=Levetiracetam Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/levetiracetam.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=5 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044746/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/levetiracetam.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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| legal_AU = S4
| legal_BR = C1
| legal_BR_comment = <ref>{{Cite web |author=Anvisa |author-link=Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency |date=
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| legal_UK = POM
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| metabolism = Enzymatic hydrolysis of acetamide group
| elimination_half-life = 6–8 hrs
| excretion =
<!--Identifiers-->
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<!-- Side effects and mechanism -->
Common side effects of levetiracetam include sleepiness, dizziness, feeling tired, and aggression.<ref name=AHFS2019>{{cite web |title=Levetiracetam Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/levetiracetam.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |access-date=14 January 2019
Levetiracetam was approved for medical use in the United States in 1999<ref name=AHFS2019/> and is available as a [[generic medication]].<ref name=BNF76>{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=319|edition=76}}</ref> In
==Medical uses==
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===Other===
Levetiracetam has not been found to be useful for treatment of [[neuropathic pain]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Crawford-Faucher A, Huijon RM | title = The Role of Levetiracetam in Treating Chronic Neuropathic Pain Symptoms | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 92 | issue = 1 | pages = 23–24 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 26132123 | url = http://www.aafp.org/link_out?pmid=26132123 | access-date = 1 September 2017 | archive-date = 29 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210829200854/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0701/p23.html | url-status = live }}</ref> nor for treatment of [[essential tremor]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zesiewicz TA, Elble RJ, Louis ED, Gronseth GS, Ondo WG, Dewey RB, Okun MS, Sullivan KL, Weiner WJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Evidence-based guideline update: treatment of essential tremor: report of the Quality Standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology | journal = Neurology | volume = 77 | issue = 19 | pages = 1752–1755 | date = November 2011 | pmid = 22013182 | pmc = 3208950 | doi = 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318236f0fd }}</ref> Levetiracetam has not been found to be useful for treating all developmental disorders within the [[autism spectrum]]
=== Special groups ===
Studies in female pregnant rats have shown minor fetal skeletal abnormalities when given maximum recommended human doses of levetiracetam orally throughout pregnancy and lactation.{{medical citation needed|date=September 2020}}
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=== Excretion ===
In persons with normal kidney function, levetiracetam is eliminated from the body primarily by the kidneys with about 66 percent of the original drug passed unchanged into urine. The plasma half-life of levetiracetam in adults is about 6 to 8 hours
=== Analogues ===
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Levetiracetam is available as regular and extended release oral formulations and as intravenous formulations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sagentpharma.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Levetiracetam-Injection_PI.pdf|title=Levetiracetam Injection Prescribing Information|access-date=4 November 2015|archive-date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101112508/http://www.sagentpharma.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Levetiracetam-Injection_PI.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
The immediate release tablet has been available as a [[Generic drug|generic]] in the United States since 2008, and in the UK since 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Patent Terms Extended Under 35 USC §156 |url=http://www.uspto.gov/patent/laws-and-regulations/patent-term-extension/patent-terms-extended-under-35-usc-156 |website=www.uspto.gov |access-date=5 November 2015
The branded version Keppra is manufactured by [[UCB (company)|UCB Pharmaceuticals
In 2015, Aprecia's
=== Legal status ===
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Additionally, Levetiracetam has been experimentally shown to reduce [[Levodopa-induced dyskinesia]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Du H, Nie S, Chen G, Ma K, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Papa SM, Cao X | display-authors = 6 | title = Levetiracetam Ameliorates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Hemiparkinsonian Rats Inducing Critical Molecular Changes in the Striatum | journal = Parkinson's Disease | volume = 2015 | issue = 1 | pages = 253878 | date = 27 January 2015 | pmid = 25692070 | pmc = 4322303 | doi = 10.1155/2015/253878 | publisher = [[Hindawi Publishing Corporation]] | publication-place = London, England, United Kingdom | veditors = Reichmann H, Alves da Costa C | lccn = 2010247839 | doi-access = free }}</ref> a type of movement disorder, or [[dyskinesia]] associated with the use of [[Levodopa]], a medication used to treat [[Parkinson's disease]].
Of the
== References ==
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