Labyrinthitis: Difference between revisions

The cause is often not clear. It may be due to a [[virus]], but it can also arise from [[bacteria]]l infection, [[head injury]], extreme [[stress (biological)|stress]], an [[allergy]], or as a reaction to [[medication]]. 30% of affected people had a common cold prior to developing the disease.<ref name=Gre2014>{{cite journal|last1=Greco|first1=A|last2=Macri|first2=GF|last3=Gallo|first3=A|last4=Fusconi|first4=M|last5=De Virgilio|first5=A|last6=Pagliuca|first6=G|last7=Marinelli|first7=C|last8=de Vincentiis|first8=M|title=Is vestibular neuritis an immune related vestibular neuropathy inducing vertigo?|journal=Journal of Immunology Research|date=2014|volume=2014|pages=459048|pmid=24741601|doi=10.1155/2014/459048|pmc=3987789|doi-access=free}}</ref> Either bacterial or viral labyrinthitis can cause a permanent hearing loss in rare cases.<ref>{{cite web|title=NLM|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001054.htm}}</ref> This appears to result from an imbalance of neuronal input between the left and right inner ears.<ref name="Marill">{{cite web |last=Marill |first=Keith |title=Vestibular Neuronitis: Pathology |url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/794489-overview#showall |publisher=eMedicine, Medscape Reference |access-date=2011-08-07 |date=2011-01-13}}</ref>

Labyrinthitis affects approximately 35 million people per year (approximately 3.5 cases per 100,000 people).<ref name="Gre201422">{{Cite journal|last1=Greco|first1=A.|last2=Macri|first2=G. F.|last3=Gallo|first3=A.|last4=Fusconi|first4=M.|last5=De Virgilio|first5=A.|last6=Pagliuca|first6=G.|last7=Marinelli|first7=C.|last8=de Vincentiis|first8=M.|date=2014|title=Is vestibular neuritis an immune related vestibular neuropathy inducing vertigo?|journal=Journal of Immunology Research|volume=2014|pages=459048|doi=10.1155/2014/459048|issn=2314-7156|pmc=3987789|pmid=24741601|doi-access=free}}</ref> It typically occurs in those between 30 and 60 years of age,<ref name="Gre201422" /> and there are no significant differences between male and female incidence rates.<ref name="Gre201422" /> In 95% of cases, sufferers experience a single attack and fully recover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15227-vestibular-neuritis|title=Vestibular Neuritis|website=Cleveland Clinic|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> Vestibular rehabilitation showed a statistically significant increase in controlling symptoms over no intervention in people who have vestibular neuritis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McDonnell|first1=Michelle N|last2=Hillier|first2=Susan L|date=2015-01-13|editor-last=Cochrane ENT Group|title=Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=1|pages=CD005397|language=en|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005397.pub4|pmid=25581507}}</ref>