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At the [[Last Judgment|Final Judgment]], the individual's works will then be evaluated.<ref>Mt. 25</ref> At that time, those who are righteous will be shown to be so. This is the permanent justification.
In the [[Council of Trent]], which Catholics believe to be infallible, the Catholic Church declared in the VII session in canon IV (against the view that sacraments are superfluous and therefore to be eschewed as unnecessary) that, "If any one saith, that the sacraments of the New Law are not necessary unto salvation, but superfluous; and that, without them, or without the desire thereof, men obtain of God, through faith alone, the grace of justification;-though all (the sacraments) are not indeed necessary for every individual; let him be [[Anathema#Catholicism|anathema]] (excommunicated)."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Council of Trent Session 7|url=http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ct07.html}}</ref>
Anglican [[John Henry Newman]]'s 1838 ''Lectures on the Doctrine of Justification''<ref>{{cite web |title=Newman Reader - Lectures on Justification |url=https://www.newmanreader.org/works/justification/index.html |website=www.newmanreader.org}}</ref> (re-issued as a Catholic in 1879) sought to align the Protestant and Catholic understanding of Justification, writing in terms of the Catholic tradition of "''et...et...''" (i.e., "both ... and ...") that righteousness was both imputed and infused (he suggested the term "adhered".)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wagner |first1=Christian B. |title=John Henry Newman on Justification |url=https://www.christianbwagner.com/post/john-henry-newman-on-justification |website=Scholastic Answers |language=en |date=13 July 2021}}</ref>
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