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In the [[Arctic]], the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Devon Ice Cap]] contains two [[subglacial lake]]s that are hypersaline.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Muzyka|first1=Kyle|title=Super salty lakes discovered in Canadian Arctic could provide window into life beyond Earth|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/university-alberta-scientist-subglacial-lakes-canada-arctic-1.4614626|access-date=11 April 2018|work=[[CBC News]]|date=11 April 2018}}</ref> In [[Antarctica]], there are larger hypersaline water bodies, lakes in the [[McMurdo Dry Valleys]] such as [[Lake Vanda]] with salinity of over 35% (i.e. 10 times as salty as ocean water).{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
 
The most saline water body in the world is the [[Gaet'ale Pond]], located in the [[Danakil Depression]] in [[Afar Region|Afar]], [[Ethiopia]]. The water of Gaet'ale Pond has a [[salinity]] of 43%, making it the [[list of bodies of water by salinity|saltiest water body on Earth]];<ref name=perez>{{cite journal|last1=Perez|first1=Eduardo|last2=Chebude |first2=Yonas |title=Chemical Analysis of Gaet’aleGaet'ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth|journal=Aquatic Geochemistry|date=April 2017|volume=23|issue=2 |pages=109–117|doi=10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z|s2cid=132715553}}</ref> (i.e. 12 times as salty as ocean water). Previously, it was considered that the most [[Salt lake|saline lake]] outside of Antarctica were [[Lake Assal (Djibouti)|Lake Assal]],<ref name=Quinn2015/> in [[Djibouti]], which has a salinity of 34.8% (i.e. 10 times as salty as ocean water). Probably the best-known hypersaline lakes are the [[Dead Sea]] (34.2% salinity in 2010) and the [[Great Salt Lake]] in the state of [[Utah]], USA (5–27% variable salinity). The [[Dead Sea]], dividing [[Israel]] and the Palestinian West Bank from [[Jordan]], is the world's deepest hypersaline lake, and the [[Araruama Lagoon]] in [[Brazil]] is the world's largest.<ref name=EncBr1986/> The Great Salt Lake, located in [[Utah]], while having nearly three times the surface area of the Dead Sea, is shallower and experiences much greater fluctuations in salinity. At its lowest recorded water levels, it approaches 7.7 times the salinity of ocean water, but when its levels are high, its salinity drops to only slightly higher than that of the ocean.<ref name=Wilkerson/><ref name=Allred/><ref name=Kjeldsen/>
 
==See also==
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==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=Hammer1986>{{cite book |last=Hammer |first=Ulrich T. |title=Saline lake ecosystems of the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NOdvPFm6SyoC&pgq=PA315Lovenula&dqpg=Lovenula#PPA39,M1PA315 |year=1986 |publisher=Springer |isbn=90-6193-535-0}}</ref>
<ref name=Vreeland>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Vreeland |firstfirst1=R.H. |last2=Rosenzweig |first2=W.D. |last3=Powers |first3=D.W. |year=2000 |title=Isolation of a 250 million-year-old halotolerant bacterium from a primary salt crystal |journal=Nature |volume=407 |pages=897–900 |doi=10.1038/35038060 |pmid=11057666 |issue=6806|bibcode=2000Natur.407..897V |s2cid=9879073 |name-list-style=amp}}</ref>
<ref name=Quinn2015>{{cite book |editor-last1=Quinn |editor-first1=Joyce A. |editor-last2=Woodward |editor-first2=Susan L.|title=Earth's Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World's Geographic Features &#91;2 volumes&#93; |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErkxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 |year=2015 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-446-9 |page=9}}</ref>
<ref name=EncBr1986>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Goetz |editor-first=P.W. |title=The New Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=15th |volume=3 |page=937 |year=1986}}</ref>
<ref name=Wilkerson>{{cite web|first=Christine |last=Wilkerson |url=http://geology.utah.gov/online/PI-39/pi39pg9.htm |title=Utah's Great Salt Lake and Ancient Lake Bonneville, PI39 – Utah Geological Survey |publisher=Geology.utah.gov |access-date=2010-08-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815024315/http://geology.utah.gov/online/PI-39/pi39pg9.htm |archive-date=2010-08-15 }}</ref>
<ref name=Allred>{{cite web | url=http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/hypersaline/index.html |title=Microbial life in hypersaline environments |lastlast1=Allred |firstfirst1=Ashley |last2=Baxter |first2=Bonnie |publisher=Science Education Resource Center at [[Carleton College]] |access-date=2010-06-17}}</ref>
<ref name=Kjeldsen>{{cite journal | pmid=17367515 | title=Diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria from an extreme hypersaline sediment, Great Salt Lake (Utah) |last1=Kjeldsen |first1=K.U. |last2=Loy |first2=A. |last3=Jakobsen |first3=T.F. |last4=Thomsen |first4=T.R. |last5=Wagner |first5=M. |last6=Ingvorsen |first6=K. |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00288.x |volume=60 |issue=2 |date=May 2007 |journal=FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. |pages=287–298 |display-authors=4|doi-access=free }}</ref>
}}
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