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{{Education in the U.S.}}
[[File:Hibbing_High_School_2014.jpg|thumb|[[Hibbing High School]] in [[Hibbing, Minnesota]]]]
[[High school]] or [[senior high school]] is the education students receive in the final stage of [[secondary education in the United States]]. In the United States most high schoolers are ages
==History==
[[File:First school.jpg|thumb|The first taxpayer-funded public school in the United States was in [[Dedham, Massachusetts]].]]
As late as 1900, high school attendance was very rare in the United States, with only a small percentage of the population ever attending high school. In the first half to two-thirds of the twentieth century increasing numbers of students attended, and it became an expected part of almost all students' education.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrating 150 Years of Education Data |url=https://nces.ed.gov/blogs/nces/post/celebrating-150-years-of-education-data# |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=NCES Blog}}</ref>
The first institution labeled as a "high school" was [[Royal High School, Edinburgh|Edinburgh's Royal High School]] in [[Scotland]], which was founded in 1128. The Royal High School was used as a model for the first [[public high school]] in the [[Education in the United States|United States]], [[Boston Latin School]], founded in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] in 1635.<ref>{{cite book |first=James J. |last=Trotter |title=The Royal High School, Edinburgh |location=London |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons |date=1911 |page=186}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=J. B. |last=Barclay |title=The Tounis Scule: The Royal High School of Edinburgh |location=Edinburgh |publisher=[[Royal High School, Edinburgh#School clubs|Royal High School Club]] |date=1974 |page=137}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/oldest-public-high-schools-in-the-united-states-still-in-use.html|title=Where Is The Oldest High School In America? |website=WorldAtlas|date=August 30, 2018 |first=Benjamin Elisha |last=Sawe |language=en}}</ref> Boston Latin School was initially a private school, so although it did become the first public high school, a school system in [[Dedham Public Schools|Dedham, Massachusetts]] was the first to be supported by public taxation.<ref name=school>{{cite news
| url = http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2005/11/27/schools_vie_for_honor_of_being_the_oldest/
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An 1817 Boston Town Meeting petitioned for the establishment of a system of free public primary schools. The main support came from local merchants, businessmen, and wealthier artisans, while many wage earners opposed it because they knew they would be paying for it through income taxation. In spite of this, [[Boston Latin School]] became public in 1820. This was the first public '''high school''' in the United States. Seven years later, a state law in Massachusetts made all grades of public school open to all pupils, free of charge.<ref name="ColorLines"/>
However, in the slave-owning states, things were different. Generally public schooling in rural areas did not extend beyond the elementary grades for either whites or blacks. This was known as "eighth grade school". After 1900, some cities began to establish high schools, primarily for middle class whites. In the 1930s roughly one fourth of the US population still lived and worked on farms and few rural Southerners of either race went beyond the 8th grade until after [[History_of_education_in_the_United_States|1945]].
Even after public schools were being opened up to all ages in Massachusetts, in the 1830s, it was illegal in southern states to teach black children to read. High schools were out of the question.<ref name="ColorLines"/> After many years of advocacy, in 1957, federal court ordered the integration of [[Little Rock]], [[Arkansas]] public schools. The [[Orval Faubus|governor]] sent in troops to physically prevent nine African American students from enrolling at [[Central High School (Little Rock, Arkansas)|all-white Central High School]]. Though, this decision was overturned by the [[Eisenhower|president]]. The same delay in equality in public high schools can be accounted for the general regarding of other groups as minorities in the US.<ref name="ColorLines"/>
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Students enter around the age of 14 (sometimes 13) and pass through four years (sometimes five):
*[[eighth grade#United States|Eighth grade]]; (the equivalent of the year 9 in the [[Education in England|English System]], sometimes)
*[[Freshman]] ([[ninth grade#United States|ninth grade]]; the equivalent of the year 10 in the English System)
*[[Sophomore]] ([[tenth grade#United States|tenth grade]]; the equivalent of year 11 in the English System)
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*Students arrive between seven and nine in the morning and leave school between two and four in the afternoon.
*Four to eight 40 to 90 minute class periods, broken up by around five minutes to get to the next class.
*A lunch break (some schools permit students to leave campus to eat, though most hold lunches on-site).<ref name=":0" />
*Homework amount differs depending on the school's purpose and culture.
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===Curriculum===
{{See also|Secondary education in the United States#Curriculum}}
A high school curriculum is defined in terms of [[Carnegie Unit and Student Hour|Carnegie Units]], which approximate to 120 class contact hours within a year. This is one hour a day, five days a week for twenty-four weeks. Students who satisfactorily complete a unit are awarded a credit.<ref name="Ed defs">{{cite web|title=Digest of Education Statistics, 2015|url=https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/app_b.asp|website=nces.ed.gov|access-date=September 11, 2017|language=EN}}</ref> No two schools will be the same, and no two students will have the same classes. There are some general principles, however. Students can also be on different programs within the same school with Advanced/Honors, CP (College Preparatory), AP (
Students typically do four years of study, with eight core subjects and electives, both of which vary by school. Passing a course earns credit and students must earn at least 30 credits to graduate, among other requirements. Study halls are sometimes offered, which don't contribute to GPA or number of credits earned.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/high-school |title=High School |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| style="text-align: left" | Percentage || <{{nbsp}}60% || 60%{{nbsp}}
|-
| style="text-align: left" | Grade || F || D || C || B || A
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* Responsible behavior in physical activity settings, and
* Value of physical activity.
== Private vs Public High School ==
Parents in the United States have the option to enroll their children in either private or public high school. While there is evidence that shows private schools tend to perform better academically than public schools, both types of schooling prepare students for the workforce or higher education. There are a few key differences in each type of schooling to consider when making the decision to attend a public or private high school.
=== Cost ===
Public high school is paid for by taxpayers, making it a free state-sponsored educational program. In contrast, private schools require tuition for each student that is enrolled, which can cost parents anywhere between [https://www.usnews.com/education/k12/articles/private-school-vs-public-school $11,000–$16,000] per school year, depending on the specific institution.
=== Teacher Credentials ===
Teachers within the public school system are required to complete a process of certification in order to teach within their particular state. Requirements for certification can vary from state to state as well, making it necessary for teachers to complete a unique certification for every state in which they wish to teach. Most public schools require teachers to have a bachelors degree in their subject matter and a certification to teach in their specific state.
Private schools, unlike public schools, do not require teachers to be state certified to teach in their educational institutions. Teachers in private high schools often hold higher degrees in their subject matter, giving students a richer, more in-depth education in the classroom. [https://www.usnews.com/education/k12/articles/private-school-vs-public-school Teachers at private schools also tend to have more flexibility in creating their curriculum], as private schools are not driven to reach state requirements outlined for students in public schools.
=== Class Size ===
[https://nces.ed.gov/pubs97/97983.pdf Class sizes] in public schools are often much larger than those of private schools. Private schools reserve the right to take a limited number of students per year based on the requirements they set for student admission. Public schools have an open enrollment style system for student acceptance, which leads to larger classroom sizes.
=== School Selection ===
While there is more flexibility for parents in choosing a private school, parents with children enrolled in public high school still have a choice in deciding which school they will attend. Some states allow parents using the public school system to enroll their child in a school outside of their geographical district, but that [https://www.usnews.com/education/k12/articles/can-your-child-go-to-school-outside-their-district isn't always the case].
==Media==
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High schools are depicted in many teenage-
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