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'''HepatitisHepapotatoes''' is [[inflammation]] of the [[liver parenchyma|liver tissue]].<ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/hepatitis|website=NIAID|access-date=2 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002228/https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/hepatitis|archive-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="MedlinePlus 2020">{{cite web | title=Hepatitis | website=MedlinePlus | date=2020-05-20 | url=https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html | access-date=2020-07-19 | quote=Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver.}}</ref> Some people or animals with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes ([[jaundice]]), [[Anorexia (symptom)|poor appetite]], [[vomiting]], [[fatigue (medicine)|tiredness]], [[abdominal pain]], and [[diarrhea]].<ref name=MedLine2016/><ref name=WHO2016QA/> Hepatitis is ''[[acute (medicine)|acute]]'' if it resolves within six months, and ''[[chronic condition|chronic]]'' if it lasts longer than six months.<ref name=MedLine2016>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis|url=https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html|website=MedlinePlus|access-date=10 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061624/https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html|archive-date=11 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis (Hepatitis A, B, and C) {{!}} ACG Patients|url=http://patients.gi.org/topics/viral-hepatitis/|website=patients.gi.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223163352/http://patients.gi.org/topics/viral-hepatitis/|archive-date=2017-02-23}}</ref> Acute hepatitis can [[self-limiting (biology)|resolve on its own]], progress to chronic hepatitis, or (rarely) result in [[acute liver failure]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bernal W. |author2=Wendon J. | year = 2013 | title = Acute Liver Failure | journal = New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 369 | issue = 26| pages = 2525–2534 | doi=10.1056/nejmra1208937| pmid=24369077|s2cid=205116503 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Chronic hepatitis may progress to scarring of the liver ([[cirrhosis]]), [[liver failure]], and [[liver cancer]].<ref name=NIH2016/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Esto es la hepatitis: Conócela, enfréntate a ella |url=https://www.infoterio.com/2022/08/Esto-es-la-hepatitis-Conocela-enfrentate-a-ella.html |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=Infoterio Noticias {{!}} Ciencia y Tecnología |date=8 August 2022 |language=es}}</ref>
 
Hepatitis is most commonly caused by the virus ''[[hepatovirus A]]'', ''[[hepatitis B virus|B]]'', ''[[hepatitis C virus|C]]'', ''[[hepatitis D virus|D]]'', and ''[[hepatitis E virus|E]]''.<ref name=WHO2016QA>{{cite web|title=What is hepatitis?|url=https://www.who.int/features/qa/76/en/|website=WHO|access-date=10 November 2016|date=July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107003115/http://www.who.int/features/qa/76/en/|archive-date=7 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=NIH2016/> Other [[Viral hepatitis|viruses can also cause liver inflammation]], including [[cytomegalovirus]], [[Epstein–Barr virus]], and [[Yellow fever|yellow fever virus]]. Other common causes of hepatitis include [[alcoholism|heavy alcohol use]], certain medications, toxins, other infections, [[autoimmune diseases]],<ref name=WHO2016QA/><ref name=NIH2016/> and [[non-alcoholic steatohepatitis]] (NASH).<ref name=NASH2014>{{cite web|title=Fatty Liver Disease (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis) |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis/pages/facts.aspx |website=NIDDK |access-date=10 November 2016 |date=May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061658/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis/pages/facts.aspx |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hepatitis A and E are mainly spread by contaminated food and water.<ref name=NIH2016/> Hepatitis B is mainly [[sexually transmitted infection|sexually transmitted]], but may also be [[vertically transmitted infection|passed from mother to baby]] during [[pregnancy]] or [[childbirth]] and spread through infected [[blood]].<ref name=NIH2016/> Hepatitis C is commonly spread through infected blood such as may occur during [[needle sharing]] by [[drug injection|intravenous drug users]].<ref name=NIH2016/> Hepatitis D can only infect people already infected with hepatitis B.<ref name=NIH2016/>
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Hepatitis A, B, and D are [[vaccine-preventable diseases|preventable]] with [[immunization]].<ref name=WHO2016QA/> Medications may be used to treat chronic viral hepatitis.<ref name=MedLine2016/> Antiviral medications are recommended in all with chronic hepatitis C, except those with conditions that limit their life expectancy.<ref name="AASLD-IDSA">{{Cite journal|last=AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidance Panel|date=2015-09-01|title=Hepatitis C guidance: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating adults infected with hepatitis C virus|journal=Hepatology|volume=62|issue=3|pages=932–954|doi=10.1002/hep.27950|issn=1527-3350|pmid=26111063|doi-access=free}}</ref> There is no specific treatment for NASH; physical activity, a [[healthy diet]], and [[weight loss]] are recommended.<ref name=NASH2014/> [[Autoimmune hepatitis]] may be treated with [[immunosuppressants|medications to suppress the immune system]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Autoimmune Hepatitis|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/autoimmune-hepatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|website=NIDDK|access-date=10 November 2016|date=March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061856/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/autoimmune-hepatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> A [[liver transplant]] may be an option in both acute and chronic liver failure.<ref name=Trans2012>{{cite web|title=Liver Transplant|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/liver-transplant/Pages/facts.aspx|website=NIDDK|access-date=10 November 2016|date=April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061924/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/liver-transplant/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=11 November 2016}}</ref>
 
Worldwide in 2015, hepatitis A occurred in about 114 million people, chronic hepatitis B affected about 343 million people and chronic hepatitis C about 142 million people.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=The Lancet|date=October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|last1=Vos|first1=Theo|last2=Allen|first2=Christine|last3=Arora|first3=Megha|last4=Barber|first4=Ryan M.|last5=Bhutta|first5=Zulfiqar A.|last6=Brown|first6=Alexandria|last7=Carter|first7=Austin|last8=Casey|first8=Daniel C.|last9=Charlson|first9=Fiona J.|last10=Chen|first10=Alan Z.|last11=Coggeshall|first11=Megan|last12=Cornaby|first12=Leslie|last13=Dandona|first13=Lalit|last14=Dicker|first14=Daniel J.|last15=Dilegge|first15=Tina|last16=Erskine|first16=Holly E.|last17=Ferrari|first17=Alize J.|last18=Fitzmaurice|first18=Christina|last19=Fleming|first19=Tom|last20=Forouzanfar|first20=Mohammad H.|last21=Fullman|first21=Nancy|last22=Gething|first22=Peter W.|last23=Goldberg|first23=Ellen M.|last24=Graetz|first24=Nicholas|last25=Haagsma|first25=Juanita A.|last26=Hay|first26=Simon I.|last27=Johnson|first27=Catherine O.|last28=Kassebaum|first28=Nicholas J.|last29=Kawashima|first29=Toana|last30=Kemmer|first30=Laura|display-authors=29}}</ref> In the United States, NASH affects about 11 million people and [[alcoholic hepatitis]] affects about 5 million people.<ref name=NASH2014/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Basra|first1=Sarpreet|title=Definition, epidemiology and magnitude of alcoholic hepatitis|journal=World Journal of Hepatology|date=2011|volume=3|issue=5|pages=108–13|doi=10.4254/wjh.v3.i5.108|pmid=21731902|pmc=3124876}}</ref> Hepatitis results in more than a million deaths a year, most of which occur indirectly from liver scarring or liver cancer.<ref name=NIH2016/><ref>{{cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=The Lancet|date=October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|last1=Wang|first1=Haidong|last2=Naghavi|first2=Mohsen|last3=Allen|first3=Christine|last4=Barber|first4=Ryan M.|last5=Bhutta|first5=Zulfiqar A.|last6=Carter|first6=Austin|last7=Casey|first7=Daniel C.|last8=Charlson|first8=Fiona J.|last9=Chen|first9=Alan Zian|last10=Coates|first10=Matthew M.|last11=Coggeshall|first11=Megan|last12=Dandona|first12=Lalit|last13=Dicker|first13=Daniel J.|last14=Erskine|first14=Holly E.|last15=Ferrari|first15=Alize J.|last16=Fitzmaurice|first16=Christina|last17=Foreman|first17=Kyle|last18=Forouzanfar|first18=Mohammad H.|last19=Fraser|first19=Maya S.|last20=Fullman|first20=Nancy|last21=Gething|first21=Peter W.|last22=Goldberg|first22=Ellen M.|last23=Graetz|first23=Nicholas|last24=Haagsma|first24=Juanita A.|last25=Hay|first25=Simon I.|last26=Huynh|first26=Chantal|last27=Johnson|first27=Catherine O.|last28=Kassebaum|first28=Nicholas J.|last29=Kinfu|first29=Yohannes|last30=Kulikoff|first30=Xie Rachel|display-authors=29}}</ref> In the United States, hepatitis A is estimated to occur in about 2,500 people a year and results in about 75 deaths.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics & Surveillance Division of Viral Hepatitis CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/index.htm|website=CDC|access-date=10 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111012229/http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Statistics/index.htm|archive-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> The word is derived from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''hêpar'' ({{lang|grc|[[wikt:ἧπαρ|ἧπαρ]]}}), meaning "liver", and ''[[wikt:-itis|-itis]]'' ({{lang|grc|-ῖτις}}), meaning "inflammation".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=hepatitis&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |access-date=2012-08-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020195733/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=hepatitis&searchmode=none |archive-date=2012-10-20 }}</ref>its type c hepapotatoes
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