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Haus Abgrund (talk | contribs) →Viral hepatitis: Provided citation for the spread of hepatitis in unsanitary family homes |
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[[Viral hepatitis]] is the most common type of hepatitis worldwide, especially in Asia and Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/topics/hepatitis/en/|title=Hepatitis|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=25 November 2013|author=World Health Organization|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223841/http://www.who.int/topics/hepatitis/en/|archive-date=2 December 2013}}</ref> Viral hepatitis is caused by five different viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E).<ref name="Harrison's Principles, chapter 360 (Acute Viral)" /> [[Hepatitis A]] and [[hepatitis E]] behave similarly: they are both transmitted by the [[fecal–oral route]], are more common in developing countries, and are self-limiting illnesses that do not lead to chronic hepatitis.<ref name="Harrison's Principles, chapter 360 (Acute Viral)" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hav/afaq.htm|title=Hepatitis A Questions and Answers for the Public {{!}} Division of Viral Hepatitis {{!}} CDC|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312094721/http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hav/afaq.htm|archive-date=2016-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs280/en/|title=Hepatitis E|website=World Health Organization|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-03-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312074914/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs280/en/|archive-date=2016-03-12}}</ref>
[[Hepatitis B]], [[hepatitis C]], and [[hepatitis D]] are transmitted when blood or [[mucous membrane]]s are exposed to infected blood and body fluids, such as semen and vaginal secretions.<ref name="Harrison's Principles, chapter 360 (Acute Viral)" /> Viral particles have also been found in saliva and breastmilk. Kissing, sharing utensils, and breastfeeding do not lead to transmission unless these fluids are introduced into open sores or cuts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HBV/PDFs/HepBWhenSomeoneClose.pdf|title=When Someone Close to You Has Hepatitis|last=Centers for Disease Control & Prevention|date=June 2010|access-date=March 14, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306084204/http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HBV/PDFs/HepBWhenSomeoneClose.pdf|archive-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref> Many families who do not have safe drinking water or live in unhygienic homes have contracted hepatitis because saliva and blood droplets are often carried through the water and blood-borne illnesses spread quickly in unsanitary settings.<ref>{{
Hepatitis B and C can present either acutely or chronically.<ref name="Harrison's Principles, chapter 360 (Acute Viral)" /> Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B to replicate and is only found with hepatitis B co-infection.<ref name="Harrison's Principles, chapter 360 (Acute Viral)" /> In adults, hepatitis B infection is most commonly self-limiting, with less than 5% progressing to chronic state, and 20 to 30% of those chronically infected developing cirrhosis or liver cancer.<ref name="WHO Hepatitis B" /> Infection in infants and children frequently leads to chronic infection.<ref name="WHO Hepatitis B" />
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