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'''Germany''',{{efn|{{lang-de|Deutschland}}, {{IPA-de|ˈdɔʏtʃlant|lang|De-Deutschland.ogg}}}} officially the '''Federal Republic of Germany''',{{efn|{{lang-de|Bundesrepublik Deutschland}}, {{IPA-de|ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant|lang|De-Bundesrepublik Deutschland.ogg}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Duden, Aussprachewörterbuch|publisher=Dudenverlag|year=2005|isbn=978-3-411-04066-7|editor-last=Mangold|editor-first=Max|edition=6th|pages=271, 53f|language=de}}</ref>}} is a country in the western region of [[Central Europe]]. It is the [[List of European countries by population|second-most populous country in Europe]] after [[Russia]]{{efn|Excluding [[Turkey]]}} and the most populous [[member state of the European Union]]. Germany lies between the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]] and [[North Sea]] to the north and the [[Alps]] to the south. Its 16 [[States of Germany|constituent states]] have a total population of over 84 million
Settlement in what is now Germany began in the [[Lower Paleolithic]], with various tribes inhabiting it from the [[Neolithic]] onward, chiefly the [[Celts]]. Various [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] [[List of early Germanic peoples|tribes]] have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since [[classical antiquity]]. A region named [[Germania]] was documented before AD 100. In 962, the [[Kingdom of Germany]] formed the bulk of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. During the 16th century, [[Northern Germany|northern German regions]] became the centre of the [[Reformation|Protestant Reformation]]. Following the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the [[German Confederation]] was formed in 1815.
Formal [[unification of Germany]] into the modern nation-state commenced on 18 August 1866 with the [[North German Confederation Treaty]] establishing the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]-led [[North German Confederation]] later transformed in 1871 into the [[German Empire]]. After [[World War I]] and the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919]], the Empire was in turn transformed into the
Germany has been described as a [[great power]] with [[Economy of Germany|a strong economy]]; it has the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|largest economy in Europe]]. As a global power in industrial, [[Science and technology in Germany|scientific and technological]] sectors, it is both the world's [[List of countries by exports|third-largest exporter]] and [[List of countries by imports|importer]]. As a [[developed country]] it offers [[Social security in Germany|social security]], [[Healthcare in Germany|a universal health care system]], and [[Education in Germany#Tertiary education|tuition-free university education]]. Germany is a member of the [[United Nations]], European Union, [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], [[G7]], [[G20]], and [[OECD]]. It has the [[List of World Heritage Sites in Germany|third-greatest number]] of UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]s.
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