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{{short description|American economist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = George J. Borjas
| birth_name = Jorge Jesús Borjas
| image = =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|10|15}}
| birth_place = [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship = [[United States| = American]]▼
| residence = [[Lexington, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| nationality = ▼
▲| citizenship = [[United States|American]]
| fields = [[Economist]]▼
▲| nationality =
| workplaces = [[Harvard Kennedy School]]▼
| ethnicity =
| alma_mater = [[Saint Peter's College (New Jersey)|St. Peter's College]]<br />[[Columbia University]]▼
▲| fields = [[Economist]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Jacob Mincer]]<br>[[James Heckman]]▼
▲| workplaces = [[Harvard Kennedy School]]
▲| alma_mater = [[Saint Peter's College (New Jersey)|St. Peter's College]]<br />[[Columbia University]]
▲| doctoral_advisor = [[Jacob Mincer]]<br>[[James Heckman]]
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for = Immigration Research
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| religion =
| signature =
| footnotes =
}}
'''George Jesus Borjas''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɔr|h|ɑː|s}}<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3-Rub_uZD0 "George Borjas on 'We Wanted Workers'"]<!--at 0:07->--></ref> born '''Jorge Jesús Borjas''', October 15, 1950)<ref name="Davis">{{cite journal|last=Davis |first=Bob |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=April 26, 1996 |title=Despite His Heritage, Prominent Economist Backs Immigration Cut |journal=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |id= |url=http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/gborjas/publications/other/WSJ042696.htm |accessdateaccess-date=2008-06-30 |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926112142/http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/gborjas/publications/other/WSJ042696.htm |archivedatearchive-date=September 26, 2011 }}</ref> is ana [[United States|Cuban-American]] [[economist]] and the Robert W. Scrivner Professor of Economics and Social Policy at the [[Harvard Kennedy School]].<ref name="Bio of Borjas">{{cite web|url=http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~GBorjas/Short_Biography.html |title=Biography of George J. Borjas |accessdateaccess-date=2008-06-30 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429145355/http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~GBorjas/Short_Biography.html |archivedatearchive-date=April 29, 2008 }}</ref> He has been described as "America’s leading immigration economist"<ref name=":2">Noah Smith: [https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-06-16/immigrants-don-t-steal-from-americans-paychecks Immigrants Don't Steal From Americans' Paychecks], bloomberg.com, June 16, 2017.</ref> and "the leading sceptic of immigration among economists".<ref>{{cite news|author1=H.C.|title=The Trump administration bars Haitians from visas for low-skilled work|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2018/01/no-longer-eligible|accessdateaccess-date=19 January 2018|work=[[The Economist]]|date=18 January 2018}}</ref> He has been described as an "immigration skeptic".<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/politico50/2016/george-borjas|title=#17: George Borjas – The POLITICO 50|website=POLITICO Magazine|access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref> Borjas has published a number of studies that showconclude that low-skilled immigration adversely affects low-skilled natives (while positively affecting medium and high skilled natives), a proposition that is debated among economists.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/09/magazine/09IMM.html|title=The Immigration Equation|last=Lowenstein|first=Roger|date=2006-07-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-08-20|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/politico50/2016/george-borjas|title=#17: George Borjas – The POLITICO 50|website=POLITICO Magazine|access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=httphttps://abcnews.go.com/Politics/fact-checking-white-house-adviser-stephen-millers-controversial/story?id=49015930|title=Fact checking White House adviser's controversial immigration claims|last=News|first=A. B. C.|date=2017-08-04|website=ABC News|access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite webnews|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2017/06/immigration-economics|title=A new paper rekindles a tiresome debate on immigration and wages|websitenewspaper=The Economist|date=12 June 2017|access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bruegel.org/2017/06/the-mariel-boatlift-controversy/|title=The Mariel Boatlift Controversy {{!}} Bruegel|website=bruegel.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref>
 
== Personal life and education ==
Borjas was born in [[Havana]], [[Cuba]], on October 15, 1950. He immigrated to the [[United States]] in October 1962 with his mother. He graduated with a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] in economics and mathematics from [[Saint Peter's College (New Jersey)|St. Peter's College]] in 1971. He then completed his [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] in economics from [[Columbia University]] in 1974. He completed his [[Master of Philosophy|M.Phil]] and [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in economics from [[Columbia University]] in 1975 for thesis titled ''Job Investment, Labor Mobility and Earnings''.<ref name="CV">{{cite web|url=http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~GBorjas/VITA.pdf |title=Curriculum Vitae of George J. Borjas |accessdateaccess-date=2008-06-30 |format=pdf |publisher=Harvard University |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725015602/http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~GBorjas/VITA.pdf |archivedatearchive-date=2008-07-25 |df= }}</ref>
 
He is married and has three children.<ref name="CV"/>
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Borjas became an assistant professor of economics at [[Queens College, City University of New York]] from 1975 to 1977. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the Department of Economics, [[University of Chicago]] from 1977 to 1978. He was also a Senior Research Analyst, [[National Bureau of Economic Research]] from 1972 to 1978.<ref name="CV"/>
 
He joined the faculty at the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] in 1980 and remained there for ten years. He then became a professor at the [[University of California, San Diego]] from 1990 to 1995. He joined the faculty at [[Harvard University]] in 1995.<ref name="CV"/> He is a professor of economics at Harvard University.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/gborjas/home|title=George Borjas|website=scholar.harvard.edu|language=en|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref>
 
== Work ==
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=== Jason Richwine ===
Borjas was the primary advisor to [[Jason Richwine]], whose Harvard dissertation concluded that Latino immigrants to the U.S. are and will remain less intelligent than "native whites." Borjas claimed that he "played no role in topic selection or forming the research agenda" for Richwine's dissertation, but some social science scholars noted it could be problematic for a dissertation advisor to fail to challenge a student's topic selection.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thinkprogress.org/the-inside-story-of-the-harvard-dissertation-that-became-too-racist-for-heritage-3a14238f662e/
|title=The Inside Story Of The Harvard Dissertation That Became Too Racist For Heritage |accessdateaccess-date=2017-08-03 |publisher=[[Think Progress]]}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/05/13/debate-report-immigration-leads-scrutiny-harvard-dissertation|title=Debate on report on immigration leads to scrutiny of Harvard dissertation|access-date=2017-12-25}}</ref> Borjas later said that he did not "find the IQ academic work all that interesting".<ref name=":7" />
 
=== Mariel boatlift research ===
In 2017, an analysis of Borjas' study on the effects of the [[Mariel boatlift]] concluded that Borjas' findings "may simply be spurious" and that his theory of the economic impact of the boatlift "doesn't fit the evidence."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2017/6/23/15855342/immigrants-wages-trump-economics-mariel-boatlift-hispanic-cuban |title=There's no evidence that immigrants hurt any American workers |accessdatedate=23 June 2017 |access-date=2017-08-03 |publisher=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref> A number of other studies concluded the opposite of what Borjas' study had found.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-06-16/immigrants-don-t-steal-from-americans-paychecks|title=Immigrants Don't Steal From Americans' Paychecks|date=2017-06-16|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref> Borjas denied that he had misconstrued the data, calling the controversy "fake news."<ref>{{cite webnews|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-great-mariel-boatlift-experiment-1497630468
|title=The Great Mariel Boatlift Debate: Does Immigration Lower Wages? |accessdateaccess-date=2017-08-03 |publishernewspaper=[[Wall Street Journal]]|date=16 June 2017 |last1=Leubsdorf |first1=Ben }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article162682623.html|title=Controversial Mariel study puts Cuban-American professor in middle of storm|work=miamiherald|access-date=2017-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Borjas furthermore suggested that one of the economists, [[Michael Clemens]], whose study challenged Borjas' was motivated by the political bias of "Silicon Valley" philanthropists who contribute to the [[Center for Global Development]] where Clemens works, accusing Clemens of being a paid [[shill]] of "open-borders plutocrats", and saying that "they wouldn’t buy or commission research that didn’t fit their priors."<ref name=":1" /> Nobel laureates [[Abhijit Banerjee|Abhijit V. Banerjee]] and [[Esther Duflo]] wrote of the debate that Borjas's analysis omitted comparisons to relevant groups for no clear reason.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Banerjee|first1=Abhijt|title=Good Economics for Hard Times|last2=Duflo|first2=Esther|publisher=Public Affairs|year=2019|quote=a subsequent reanalysis showed these new results once again get reversed when data about Hispanic high school dropouts (who would seem to be the most obvious people to compare Cuban migrants with, but are for some reason omitted by Borjas) and women (again omitted by Borjas for no clear reason) are included}}</ref>
 
In August 2017, the Trump administration, while defending [[RAISE Act|its plan]] to reduce levels of legal [[immigration to the United States]] by 50%, cited Borjas' research on the Mariel boatlift as evidence that low-skilled immigration reduced wages for American workers.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2017/aug/08/do-low-skilled-immigrants-negatively-impact-wages-/|title=Do low-skilled immigrants hurt American workers?|work=PolitiFact|access-date=2017-08-21|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/4888381/immigration-act-mariel-boatlift-history/|title=The White House Used This Moment as Proof the U.S. Should Cut Immigration. Its Real History Is More Complicated|last=Jr|first=Julio Jr.|last=Capó|website=Time|access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> Fact-checkers noted that Borjas' research on the Mariel boatlift was rebutted by other researchers and has received "major criticisms".<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/08/04/541321716/fact-check-have-low-skilled-immigrants-taken-american-jobs|title=FACT CHECK: Have Immigrants Lowered Wages For Blue-Collar American Workers?|website=NPR.org|access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref>
 
That same month in ''The Atlantic'' when asked about the academic community's suppression of data showing immigration's potential costs, Borjas said there's “a lot of self-censorship among young social scientists.” Donald Davis, an economist and immigration advocate, responded stating, “George and I come out on different sides of policy on immigration, but I agree that there are aspects of discussion in academia that don’t get sort of full view if you come to the wrong conclusion.”<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/07/the-democrats-immigration-mistake/528678/|title=How the Democrats Lost Their Way on Immigration|last=Beinart|first=Peter|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2017-10-21|language=en-US}}</ref>
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=== Economic Job Market Rumors forum ===
After a peer-review scandal was revealed on the website, in June 2016, Borjas praised the discourse on the [[Economics Job Market Rumors]] website as being "refreshing": "There’s still hope for mankind when many of the posts written by a bunch of over-educated young social scientists illustrate a throwing off of the shackles of political correctness and reflect mundane concerns that more normal human beings share: prestige, sex, money, landing a job, sex, professional misconduct, sex..."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/18/upshot/evidence-of-a-toxic-environment-for-women-in-economics.html|title=Evidence of a Toxic Environment for Women in Economics|last=Wolfers|first=Justin|date=2017-08-18|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-08-18|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gborjas.org/2016/06/30/a-rant-on-peer-review/ |title=A rant on peer review |accessdateaccess-date=2017-08-18 |publisher=George Borja's blog |archive-date=2017-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820201908/https://gborjas.org/2016/06/30/a-rant-on-peer-review/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A 2017 paper found evidence of outright hostility towards women on the website.<ref name=":0" /> When asked about the paper, Borjas said, "While there is some value in that forum, there is also a great deal that is offensive and disturbing. The problem is I’m not sure exactly where to draw line."<ref name=":0" /> According to [[J. Bradford DeLong|Brad DeLong]], "the only economics professor of any ideology or university I can recall ever praising EJMR is George Borjas."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://equitablegrowth.org/equitablog/should-read-justin-wolfers-evidence-of-a-toxic-environment-for-women-in-economics/|title=Must: Justin Wolfers: Evidence of a Toxic Environment for Women in Economics {{!}} Equitable Growth|website=Equitable Growth|date=18 August 2017|language=en-US|access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref>
 
== Political views ==
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== Honors ==
Borjas was listed in ''Who's Who in the World'', ''Who’s Who in America'', ''Who’s Who in Finance and Industry'' and ''Who’s Who in Economics''. He was elected a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1998 and a fellow of the Society of Labor Economists in 2004. He was also a member of the Council of Economic Advisors for the [[Governor of California]] from 1993 to 1998, of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impact of Immigration from 1995 to 1997, and chaired the [[National Science Foundation|National Science Foundation’sFoundation's]] Committee of Visitors for the Economics Program in 1996.<ref name="Bio of Borjas"/>
 
In 2011 he was named co-winner of the [[IZA Prize in Labor Economics]].<ref>[http://www.hks.harvard.edu/news-events/news/awards/borjas-iza-prize George Borjas Named Co-Winner of 2011 IZA Prize in Labor Economics] Harvard Kennedy School, July 21, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2012</ref>
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* ''We Wanted Workers: Unraveling the Immigration Narrative'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 2016)
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
The third reference is wrong. It should be www.nytimes.com/2006/07/09/magazine/09IMM.html
 
== External links ==
* [http://www.borjas.com/ Website of George J. Borjas]
* [http://gborjas.org/ George J. Borjas's blog, LaborEcon]
* {{C-SPAN|georgeborjas42514}}
 
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Labor economists]]
[[Category:Economists from California]]
[[Category:Cuban-American Republicanspoliticians of Cuban descent]]
[[Category:American anti–illegal Anti-immigration activists]]
[[Category:Cuban emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Columbia UniversityGraduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:John F.Harvard Kennedy School of Government faculty]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Saint Peter's University alumni]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_J._Borjas"