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{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{About|the animal|other uses}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Bluebirds
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| type_species = ''[[Eastern bluebird|Motacilla sialis]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = *[[Mountain bluebird]] ''S. currucoides''
*[[Western bluebird]] ''S. mexicana''
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The '''bluebirds''' are a [[North America]]n<ref name="nwf">{{cite web | url=http://www.nwf.org/Magazines/National-Wildlife/1993/What-About-the-Other-Bluebirds | title=What About the Other Bluebirds? | website=[[National Wildlife Federation]] | date=1993-02-01}}</ref> group of medium-sized, mostly insectivorous or omnivorous [[bird]]s in the order of [[Passerines]] in the genus '''''Sialia''''' of the [[thrush (bird)|thrush]] family (Turdidae). Bluebirds are one of the few thrush genera in the [[Americas]].
Bluebirds lay an average of 4 to 6 eggs per clutch. They will usually brood two or three times in a year. Bluebirds nest from March all the way through August.
Bluebirds have blue, or blue and rose beige, plumage. Female birds are less brightly colored than males, although color patterns are similar and there is no noticeable difference in size.
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== Taxonomy and species ==
The [[genus]] ''Sialia'' was introduced by the English naturalist [[William John Swainson]] in 1827 with the eastern bluebird (''Sialia sialis'') as the [[type species]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Swainson | first=William John | author-link=William John Swainson | year=1827 | title=A synopsis of the birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and Mr. William Bullock jun. | journal=Philosophical Magazine | series=New Series | volume=1 | pages=364–369 [369] | doi=10.1080/14786442708674330 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15530379 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Paynter | editor2-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1964 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=10 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=83 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14486272 }}</ref> A molecular phylogenetic study using mitochondrial sequences published in 2005 found that ▼
▲The [[genus]] ''Sialia'' was introduced by the English naturalist [[William John Swainson]] in 1827 with the eastern bluebird (''Sialia sialis'') as the [[type species]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Swainson | first=William John | author-link=William John Swainson | year=1827 | title=A synopsis of the birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and Mr. William Bullock jun. | journal=Philosophical Magazine | series=New Series | volume=1 | pages=364–369 [369] | doi=10.1080/14786442708674330 | url=https://
''Sialia'', ''[[Myadestes]]'' (solitaires) and ''[[Neocossyphus]]'' (African ant-thrushes) formed a basal [[clade]] in the family Turdidae. Within ''Sialia'' the mountain bluebird was [[sister taxon|sister]] to the eastern bluebird.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Klicka | first1=J. | last2=Voelker | first2=G. | last3=Spellman | first3=G.M. | year=2005 | title=A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the "true thrushes" (Aves: Turdinae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=34 | issue=3 | pages=486–500 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.001 | pmid=15683924 }}</ref>
The genus contains three species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | year=2020 | title=Thrushes | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/thrushes/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=10 September 2020 }}</ref>
{{Species table |genus= Sialia |authority-name=[[William John Swainson|Swainson]] |authority-year=1827 |species-count=three|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
{{Species table/row
|name= Mountain bluebird|binomial=[[Sialia currucoides]]
|
|image2=File:Mountain Bluebird 8774vv.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Bechstein |authority-year=1798 |authority-not-original=yes
|[[File:Western Bluebird - Rancho San Antonio Preserve - Northern California, USA.jpg|120px]] || ''Sialia mexicana''|| [[Western bluebird]]|| California, the southern Rocky Mountains, Arizona, and New Mexico in the United States, and as far south as the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz in Mexico▼
|range= Western North America
|range-image=File:Sialia currucoides distribution.png
|[[File:Eastern Bluebird - Texas H8O6505 (17048714229).jpg|120px]] || ''Sialia sialis'' || [[Eastern bluebird]]||East-central southern Canada to the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|US Gulf states]], and southeastern Arizona to Nicaragua▼
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|}▼
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
{{Species table/row
|name=Western bluebird |binomial=[[Sialia mexicana]]
|image=File:Western Bluebird - Rancho San Antonio Preserve - Northern California, USA.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2=File:060319 western bluebird female simon wray odfw (50092192482).jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Swainson |authority-year=1832 |authority-not-original=yes
▲|
|range-image=File:Sialia mexicana distribution.png
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Six subspecies |bullets=on
| ''S. m. occidentalis'' [[John Kirk Townsend|Townsend, JK]], 1837
| ''S. m. bairdi'' [[Robert Ridgway|Ridgway]], 1894
| ''S. m. jacoti'' [[Allan Robert Phillips|Phillips, AR]], 1991
| ''S. m. amabilis'' [[Robert Thomas Moore|Moore, RT]], 1939
| ''S. m. nelsoni'' Phillips, AR, 1991
| ''S. m. mexicana'' [[William John Swainson|Swainson]], 1832
}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Eastern bluebird |binomial=[[Sialia sialis]]
|image=File:Eastern Bluebird - Texas H8O6505 (17048714229).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2=File:Sialia sialis -Michigan, USA -female-8.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=yes
▲|
|range-image=File:Sialia sialis distribution.png
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Seven subspecies |bullets=on
| ''S. s. sialis'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
| ''S. s. bermudensis'' [[Alpheus Hyatt Verrill|Verrill, AH]], 1901
| ''S. s. nidificans'' [[Allan Robert Phillips|Phillips, AR]], 1991
| ''S. s. fulva'' [[William Brewster (ornithologist)|Brewster]], 1885
| ''S. s. guatemalae'' [[Robert Ridgway|Ridgway]], 1882
| ''S. s. meridionalis'' [[Donald Ryder Dickey|Dickey]] & [[Adriaan Joseph van Rossem|Van Rossem]], 1930
| ''S. s. caribaea'' Howell, TR, 1965
}}
}}
{{Species table/end}}
==Behavior==
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"[[(There'll Be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover]]" was composed in 1941 by [[Walter Kent]] to lyrics by Nat Burton looking forward to a time when [[World War II]] would be over. Burton was unaware that the bluebird was not indigenous to England. [[Vera Lynn]] popularised the song with her performances to the troops.
"[[Bluebird (Buffalo Springfield_song)|Bluebird]]" is a song written by [[Stephen Stills]] and recorded by the rock band [[Buffalo Springfield]] in 1967. It contains the lyrics "There she sits aloft at perch. Strangest color blue."
Songwriters have portrayed the bluebird as a muse, as in the song "[[Voices in the Sky]]" by the British rock group [[The Moody Blues]], from their 1968 album ''[[In Search of the Lost Chord]]''.<ref>''The Best of The Moody Blues''; information accompanying the CD.</ref>
[[Paul McCartney and Wings]] released McCartney's song "[[Bluebird_(Paul_McCartney_and_Wings_song)|Bluebird]]" as a single in 1974.
"[[Birdhouse in Your Soul]]", the 1989 ode to a [[nightlight]] by the band [[They Might Be Giants]], references a “bluebird of friendliness” and a “blue canary” in its lyrics.
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The titular bluebird of the song "Birds", from the 2013 album ''[[Government Plates]]'' by the [[Sacramento]]-based [[experimental]] [[hip hop]] group [[Death Grips]], is thought to be referencing [[Charles Bukowski]]'s [[poem]] "Bluebird", wherein bluebirds represent vulnerability that Bukowski felt as a result of [[child abuse]] from his father.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://genius.com/1183486/Charles-bukowski-bluebird/That-wants-to-get-out-but-im-too-tough-for-him-i-say-stay-in-there-im-not-going-to-let-anybody-see-you|title=That / wants to get out / but I'm too tough for him, / I say, stay in there, I'm not going / to let anybody see / you.|website=Genius.com|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref>
"
==See also==
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* [http://www.sialis.org Sialis]—Information on bluebirds and their conservation and restoration.
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{{portalbar|Birds|Animals|Biology}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q853286}}
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