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{{Bisexuality topics sidebar}}
'''
The hatred of bisexual women and [[femme]]s, being a form of prejudice at the intersection of biphobia and misogyny, is referred to as bimisogyny'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Festival |first=Leeds LGBT+ Literature |date=2021-09-23 |title=Bimisogyny and What it Means |url=https://www.leedslgbtbooks.com/post/bimisogyny-and-what-it-means |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=mysite |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pallotta-Chiarolli |first=Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wDa6CwAAQBAJ |title=Women in Relationships with Bisexual Men: Bi Men By Women |date=2016-03-08 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7391-3459-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Flood |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PWMHCgAAQBAJ |title=Engaging Men in Building Gender Equality |last2=Howson |first2=Richard |date=2015-06-18 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-7895-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=McAllum |first=Mary-Anne |date=2014-01-01 |title="Bisexuality Is Just Semantics…": Young Bisexual Women's Experiences in New Zealand Secondary Schools |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2014.872467 |journal=Journal of Bisexuality |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=75–93 |doi=10.1080/15299716.2014.872467 |s2cid=144498576 |issn=1529-9716}}</ref>''' or less commonly bisexism.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weiss |first=Jillian T. |date=2004-01-15 |title=GL vs. BT: The Archaeology of Biphobia and Transphobia within the U.S. Gay and Lesbian Community |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1649428 |journal=Journal of Bisexuality|language=en |location=Rochester, NY|ssrn=1649428 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sung |first=Mi Ra |date=2014-12-01 |title=Stress and Resilience: The Negative and Positive Aspects of Being an Asian American Lesbian or Bisexual Woman |url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3171 |journal=Doctoral Dissertations}}</ref> This is a gendered form of biphobia that accounts for [[intersectionality]] in discussions on bigotry.
== Etymology and usage ==
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The term ''biphobia'' was first<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bisexuality: Identities, Politics, and Theories|last=Monro|first=Surya|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2015|isbn=9781137007308|location=Basingstoke|pages=23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rewire.news/article/2018/04/25/know-biphobia-harmful-know-whats-behind/|title=We Know Biphobia Is Harmful. But Do We Know What's Behind It?|last=Greenesmith|first=Heron|date=April 25, 2018|website=Rewire.News|access-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref> introduced in 1992 by researcher Kathleen Bennett to mean "prejudice against bisexuality"<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Closer to Home: Bisexuality and Feminism|last=Weise|first=Elizabeth Reba|publisher=Seal Press|year=1992|isbn=1-878067-17-6|location=Seattle|pages=[https://archive.org/details/closertohomebise00weis/page/207 207]|url=https://archive.org/details/closertohomebise00weis/page/207}}</ref> and "the denigration of bisexuality as a life-choice."<ref name=":1" /> It has subsequently been defined as "any portrayal or discourse denigrating or criticizing men or women on the sole ground of their belonging to this [bisexual] socio-sexual identity, or refusing them the right to claim it."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Welzer-Lang|first=Daniel|date=October 11, 2008|title=Speaking Out Loud About Bisexuality: Biphobia in the Gay and Lesbian Community|journal=Journal of Bisexuality|volume=8|issue=1–2|pages=82|doi=10.1080/15299710802142259|s2cid=144416441}}</ref>
Biphobia need not be a phobia as defined in clinical psychology (i.e., an anxiety disorder). Its meaning and use typically parallel those of [[xenophobia]].
== Forms ==
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Biphobia can lead people to deny that bisexuality is real, asserting that people who ''identify'' as bisexual are not ''genuinely'' bisexual, or that the phenomenon is far less common than they claim. One form of this denial is based on the [[heterosexist]] view that heterosexuality is the only true or natural sexual orientation. Thus anything that deviates from that is instead either a psychological pathology or an example of anti-social behavior.
Another form of denial stems from [[Binary thinking|binary]] views of sexuality: that people are assumed [[Monosexuality|monosexual]], i.e. homosexual ([[gay]]/[[lesbian]]) or heterosexual ([[Heterosexuality|straight]]). Throughout the 1980s, modern research on sexuality was dominated by the idea that heterosexuality and homosexuality were the only legitimate orientations, dismissing bisexuality as "secondary homosexuality".<ref name="ProQuest">{{Cite book|title = Managing Heterosexism and Biphobia: A Revealing Black Bisexual Male Perspective|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5iayOla-7qcC&pg=PR3|date = 2008-01-01|isbn = 9780549622482}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In that model, bisexuals are presumed to be either [[The closet|closeted]] lesbian/gay people wishing to appear heterosexual,<ref>Michael Musto, April 7, 2009. [http://blogs.villagevoice.com/dailymusto/archives/2009/04/ever_meet_a_rea.php Ever Meet a Real Bisexual?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413152614/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/dailymusto/archives/2009/04/ever_meet_a_rea.php |date=April 13, 2010 }}, ''The Village Voice''</ref> or individuals (of "either" orientation) experimenting with sexuality outside of their "normal" interest.<ref name="bisexual erasure">{{cite journal |last=Yoshino |first=Kenji |author-link=Kenji Yoshino |title=The Epistemic Contract of Bisexual Erasure |journal=[[Stanford Law Review]] |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=353–461 |publisher=[[Stanford Law School]] |date=January 2000 |url=http://www.kenjiyoshino.com/articles/epistemiccontract.pdf |doi=10.2307/1229482 |jstor=1229482 }}</ref> [[Aphorism|Maxims]] such as "people are either gay, straight, or lying" embody this [[dichotomous]] view of sexual orientation.<ref name="Dworkin" />
Some people accept the theoretical existence of bisexuality but define it narrowly, as being only the equal sexual attraction towards both men and women.<ref name="Dworkin">{{cite journal |author=Dworkin, SH |title=Treating the bisexual client|journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology|volume=57|issue=5|year=2001|pages=671–80 | pmid=11304706 |doi=10.1002/jclp.1036}}</ref> Thus the many bisexual individuals with unequal attractions are instead categorized as either homosexual or heterosexual. Others acknowledge the existence of bisexuality in women, but deny that men can be bisexual.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/do-bisexual-men-really-exist/|title=Do Bisexual Men Really Exist?|access-date=2017-02-12|language=en}}</ref>
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==== Tensions with pansexuals ====
{{See also|Pansexuality#Tensions with bisexuals}}
Bisexuals frequently struggle with myths and misconceptions about the definition of bisexuality, such as the idea that bisexuality conforms to the gender binary (thereby excluding attraction to nonbinary individuals), or excludes attraction to trans people in general. This sometimes creates tension between bisexuals and pansexuals, as pansexuals often see themselves as being more inclusive to a wider array of genders.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dodd |first=S. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tm4yEAAAQBAJ
A 2017 study published in the ''[[Journal of Bisexuality]]'' found that when bisexuals and pansexuals described gender and defined bisexuality, "there were no differences in how pansexual and bisexual people ... discussed sex or gender", and that the findings "do not support the stereotype that bisexual people endorse a binary view of gender while pansexual people do not."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Flanders |first=Corey E. |date=January–March 2017 |title=Defining Bisexuality: Young Bisexual and Pansexual People's Voices |journal=Journal of Bisexuality |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=39–57 |doi=10.1080/15299716.2016.1227016 |s2cid=151944900}}</ref>
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* "Many, if not most, bisexual people do not come out to their healthcare providers. This means they are getting incomplete information (for example, about safer sex practices)"<ref name="Eisner"/>
* "Bisexual women were more likely to be current smokers and acute drinkers"<ref name="Eisner"/>
* Higher risk of self harm, and suicidal ideation or attempts.<ref name="cancer-center-bi-health-risks">{{cite web |url=https://cancer-network.org/cancer-information/bisexuals-and-cancer/bisexuals-and-health-risks/ |website=[[National LGBT Cancer Network]] |title=Bisexuals and Health Risks |date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205214120/https://cancer-network.org/cancer-information/bisexuals-and-cancer/bisexuals-and-health-risks/ |archive-date=5 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Feeling shame or discomfort with their sexual orientation or not feeling ready to be "out" to loved ones.
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=== Intersections with gender ===
==== Men ====
Studies indicate that preferences against dating bisexual men are stronger than against bisexual women, even amongst bisexual women.<ref>{{Cite journal |
=== Intersections with race ===
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