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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{redirect|Kurrat|the surname|Kurrat (surname)}}
{{Italic title}}{{Speciesbox
| name = Wild leek
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| taxon = Allium ampeloprasum
| imagetaxon = Allium = A.ampeloprasum 1.jpg
| parent = Allium subg. Allium
| image = A.ampeloprasum 1.jpg
| status = LC
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=<small>Species synonymy</small>
|''Allium adscendens'' <small>Kunth</small>
|''Allium albescens'' <small>Guss.</small>
|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''babingtonii'' <small>(Borrer) Syme</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''bertolonii'' <small>(De Not.) Nyman</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''bulbiferum'' <small>Syme</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''bulgaricum'' <small>Podp.</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''caudatum'' <small>Pamp.</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' subsp. ''euampeloprasum'' <small>Hayek</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''gasparrinii'' <small>(Guss.) Nyman</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''gracile'' <small>Cavara</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' subsp. ''halleri'' <small>Nyman</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''holmense'' <small>Asch. & Graebn.</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' f. ''holmense'' <small>(Asch. & Graebn.) Holmboe</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' subsp. ''porrum'' <small>(L.) Hayek</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''porrum'' <small>(L.) J.Gay</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''pylium'' <small>(De Not.) Asch. & Graebn.</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' subsp. ''thessalum'' <small>(Boiss.) Nyman</small>
*|''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''wiedemannii'' <small>Regel</small>
*|''Allium ascendens'' <small>Ten.</small>
*|''Allium babingtonii'' <small>Borrer</small>
*|''Allium bertolonii'' <small>De Not.</small>
*|''Allium byzantinum'' <small>K.Koch</small>
*|''Allium duriaeanum'' <small>Regel</small>
*|''Allium durieuanum'' <small>Walp.</small>
*|''Allium gasparrinii'' <small>Guss.</small>
*|''Allium halleri'' <small>G.Don</small>
*|''Allium holmense'' <small>Mill. ex Kunth</small>
*|''Allium kurrat'' <small>Schweinf. ex K.Krause</small>
*|''Allium laetum'' <small>Salisb.</small>
*|''Allium lineare'' <small>Mill.</small>
*|''Allium porraceum'' <small>Gray</small>
*|''Allium porrum'' <small>L.</small>
*|''Allium porrum'' var. ''ampeloprasum'' <small>(L.) Mirb.</small>
*|''Allium porrum'' subsp. ''euampeloprasum'' <small>Breistr.</small>
*|''Allium porrum'' var. ''kurrat'' <small>(Schweinf. ex K.Krause) Seregin</small>
*|''Allium pylium'' <small>De Not.</small>
*|''Allium scopulicola'' <small>Font Quer</small>
*|''Allium scorodoprasum'' subsp. ''babingtonii'' <small>(Borrer) Nyman</small>
*|''Allium spectabile'' <small>De Not.</small>
*|''Allium syriacum'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*|''Allium thessalum'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*|''Porrum amethystinum'' <small>Rchb.</small>
*|''Porrum ampeloprasum'' <small>(L.) Mill.</small>
*|''Porrum commune'' <small>Rchb.</small>
*|''Porrum sativum'' <small>Mill.</small>
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/{{ThePlantList |id=kew-294972 The Plant|taxon=Allium List]ampeloprasum}}</ref>
}}
 
'''''Allium ampeloprasum''''' is a member of the [[onion]] genus ''[[Allium]]''. The wild plant is commonly known as '''wild leek''' or '''broadleaf wild leek'''. Its native range is southern Europe to westernsouthwestern Asia and North Africa,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332079-2 | title=Allium ampeloprasum L. &#124; Plants of the World Online &#124; Kew Science }}</ref> but it is cultivated in many other places and has become [[Naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] in many countries.
 
''Allium ampeloprasum'' is regarded as [[Native species|native]] to all the countries bordering on the [[Black Sea|Black]], [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]], and [[Mediterranean Sea]]s from [[Portugal]] to [[Egypt]] to [[Romania]]. In [[Russia]] and [[Ukraine]], it is considered invasive except in [[Crimea]], where it is native. It is also native to [[Ethiopia]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]]. It is considered naturalized in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Ireland]], the [[Czech Republic]], the [[Baltic States]], [[Belarus]], the [[Azores]], [[Madeira]], the [[Canary Islands]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[PakistanAfghanistan]], [[China]], [[Australia]] (all states except [[Queensland]] and [[Tasmania]]), [[Mexico]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Haiti]], the [[United States]] (southeastern region plus [[California]], [[New York State]], [[Ohio]] and [[Illinois]]), [[Galápagos]], and [[Argentina]].<ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do;jsessionid=2AB1439588042139DAD04CC80F76A3A5?name_id=294972 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, ''Allium ampeloprasum'']</ref><ref name="laksdf909wer9">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id={{eFloras|1&taxon_id=|242101330|Allium Floraampeloprasum of|family=Liliaceae North|first1=Dale AmericaW. v|last=McNeal 26Jr. p|first2=T. 238,D. ''Allium ampeloprasum']|last2=Jacobsen}}</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Allium%20ampeloprasum.png {{BONAP (Biota of North America Program) floristic synthesis, ''|genus=Allium |species=ampeloprasum']}}</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id={{eFloras|2&taxon_id=|200027520|Allium Floraporrum of|volume=24 China|last1=Xu v|first1=Jiemei 24|first2=Rudolf pV. 200, ''Allium porrum'']|last2=Kamelin}}</ref><ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=allium+ampeloprasum Altervista, Schede di Botanica]</ref> In tidewater [[Virginia]], where it is commonly known as the "[[Yorktown, Virginia|Yorktown]] onion", it is protected by law in [[York County, Virginia|York County]].<ref>[http://www.yorkcounty.gov/CountyGovernment/BoardofSupervisors/BoardsandCommissions/HistoricalCommittee/YCHC/YorktownOnion.aspx Yorktown Onion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233135/http://www.yorkcounty.gov/CountyGovernment/BoardofSupervisors/BoardsandCommissions/HistoricalCommittee/YCHC/YorktownOnion.aspx |date=2016-08-11 }}. York County, Virginia.</ref>
 
The species may have been introduced to [[Great Britain|Britain]] by prehistoric people, where its habitat consists of rocky places near the coast in south-west [[England]] and [[Wales]].<ref name="pfof">[[Plants for a Future]]: [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Allium+ampeloprasum ''Allium ampeloprasum'']{{PFAF}}</ref><ref>CHRISTOPHER D. PRESTON, DAVID A. PEARMAN, ALLAN R. HALL (2004) Archaeophytes in Britain Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (3), 257–294 {{doi|10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00284.x}}, p. 264</ref>
 
''Allium ampeloprasum'' has been differentiated into threefive cultivated vegetables, namely [[leek]], [[elephant garlic]], and[[pearl onion]], kurrat, and Persian leek.
 
Wild populations produce bulbs up to 3&nbsp;cm across. [[Scape (botany)|Scapes]] are round in cross-section, each up to 180&nbsp;cm tall, bearing an [[umbel]] of as many as 500 flowers. Flowers are urn-shaped, up to 6&nbsp;mm across; [[tepals]] white, pink or red; [[anthers]] yellow or purple; [[pollen]] yellow.<ref name="laksdf909wer9"/><ref>Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.</ref>
 
== Vegetables ==
''Allium ampeloprasum'' comprises several vegetables, of which the most importantnotable ones are:
* [[leek]]
* [[elephant garlic]] or great-headed garlic
* [[pearl onion]]
* kurrat or Egyptian leek,<ref name="pfof"/><ref name="prota">Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref> Egyptian leek or salad leek – this variety has small bulbs, and primarily the leaves are eaten.
* Persian leek (''Allium ampeloprasum'' ssp. ''persicum'') - a cultivated allium native to the Middle East and Iran, grown for culinary purposes and is called ''tareh'' in Persian. The linear green leaves have a mild onion flavor and are eaten raw, either alone, or in food combinations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mousavi|first1=Amir|last2=Kashi|first2=Abedolkarim|last3=Davoodi|first3=Daryoush|last4=Shariatpanahi|first4=Mohammad Sanei|title=Characterization of an Allium Cultivated in Iran: The Persian Leek|date=2006|jstor=20794599|journal=Belgian Journal of Botany|volume=139|issue=1|pages=115–123}}</ref>
* Persian leek (''Allium ampeloprasum'' ssp. ''persicum'')
 
<gallery>
Image:Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum).jpg|Just[[Spathe]] beginningunfurling to flowerreveal buds
Image:Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum) 2.jpg|FullySpathe floweredfully unfurled
File:Allium ampeloprasum MHNT.BOT.2006.46.12.jpg|Allium ampeloprasum - [[MHNT]]
File:Porri IMG 0175.JPG|Section
</gallery>
 
== See also ==
* [[Allium tricoccum]]
* [[Ramsons]]
 
== References ==
Line 88 ⟶ 93:
 
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160716120151/http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=QBE_QUERY&BU=http%3A%2F%2Fdatabase.prota.org%2Fsearch.htm&TN=PROTAB~1&QB0=AND&QF0=Species+Code&QI0=Allium+ampeloprasum&RF=Webdisplay PROTAbase on ''Allium ampeloprasum'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230422/http://guernsey.net/~cdavid/botany/files/allium%20ampeloprasum/index.html ''Allium ampeloprasum'' in Guernsey]
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ALAM ''Allium ampeloprasum'' in the USA]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131112234857/http://flora.huji.ac.il/browse.asp?action=specie&specie=ALLAMP Flora of Israel Online]▼
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Allium+ampeloprasum Plants For a Future database]
{{allium}}
▲*[http://flora.huji.ac.il/browse.asp?action=specie&specie=ALLAMP Flora of Israel Online]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q148995}}
 
[[Category:Allium|ampeloprasum]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of temperate Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of North Africa]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Edible plants]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:InvasiveTaxa plantnamed speciesby Carl Linnaeus]]
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