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'''Albenga''' ({{lang-lij|Arbenga}};<ref>{{cite book|title=Dizionario Genovese-Italiano e Italiano-Genovese|place=Genoa|last=Frisoni|first=Gaetano|author-link=:it:Gaetano Frisoni|year=1910|publisher=Nuova Editrice Genovese|language=it}}</ref> {{lang-la|Albingaunum}}) is a city and ''[[comune]]'' situated on the [[Gulf of Genoa]] on the [[Italian Riviera]] in the [[Province of Savona]] in [[Liguria]], northern Italy.
Albenga has the nickname of ''city of a hundred spires''. The economy is mostly based on tourism, local commerce and agriculture. Albenga has six [[Hamlet (place)|hamlets]]: [[Lusignano (Albenga)|Lusignano]], [[San Fedele, Albenga|San Fedele]], [[Campochiesa (Albenga)|Campochiesa]], [[Leca (Albenga)|Leca]], [[Bastia (Albenga)|Bastia]], [[Salea (Albenga)|Salea]]. == The name ==
The name of Albenga comes from the [[Latin]] ''Albíngaunum'' that comes from ''Album Ingaunum'', that
==History==
Albenga was founded around the 4th century BC on the slopes of the coastal hill. Albenga used to be the capital of the [[Ingauni]] a Ligurian tribe. The Ingauners were sailors traders and they owned a large territory between [[FInale Ligure|Finale]] and [[Sanremo]].▼
=== Early history ===
During the [[Second Punic War]] the town of Albenga was allied with the [[Carthaginians]], but was defeated by the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] under proconsul [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus]] in 181 BC. The following year the Romans and the Ingauni signed a ''foedus'' (alliance agreement) which started the total [[Romanization]] of the whole region. Put under Latin rights in 89 BC, ''Albingaunum'' was granted Roman citizenship in 45 BC under [[Julius Caesar]], starting to enjoy, with the beginning of the Empire, a period of prosperity. A further boost for the city came from the building of the [[Via Julia Augusta]] (13 BC), linked with southern France and Spain. In the meantime the intense exploitation of the flat land around the city continued; an inscription records the restoration of the walls, forum, and harbor, by Constantius in A.D. 354.<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Albenga|volume=1|page=493|short=y}}</ref>▼
▲Albenga was founded around the 4th century BC on the slopes of the coastal hill. Albenga used to be
=== Roman period ===
During the 5th century, the city suffered from raids by the [[Visigoth]]s, who partly destroyed and looted Albenga. The old Municipium, which now is in disastrous conditions, was rebuilt through the intervention of emperor [[Constantius III]] who gave the city stability and a defensive structure that allowed the town to survive through the following centuries. Albenga established itself as a [[medieval municipality]] in 1098; in that same year Albenga joined to the [[First Crusade]] with its own banner, troops and money, receiving the rights of free trade by the King of Jerusalem. From that time on, the Golden Red Cross flag was displayed on its own ships and towers.▼
▲During the [[Second Punic War]] the town of Albenga was allied with the [[Carthaginians]], but was defeated by the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] under proconsul [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus]] in 181 BC. The following year the Romans and the Ingauni signed a ''[[Foederati|foedus]]'' (alliance agreement) which started the total [[Romanization]] of the whole region. Put under [[Latin rights]] in 89 BC, ''Albingaunum'' was granted [[Roman citizenship]] in 45 BC under [[Julius Caesar]], starting to enjoy, with the beginning of the Empire, a period of prosperity. A further boost for the city came from the building of the [[Via Julia Augusta]] (13 BC), linked
=== Late Antiquity ===
Later on, after the invasion of northern Italy by emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa]], the city supported him and joined to [[Ghibelline]] coalition which was never abandoned during the following centuries. In 1159 Albenga received the imperial investiture for all its territory.▼
While historical documentation is scarce, archaeological excavations indicate that Albenga was a significant town during [[Late antiquity|Late Antiquity]].<ref>Balzaretti, 2013. p. 10, 46</ref> In 451, the presence of a [[bishop]] from Albenga at a [[synod]] at [[Milan]] indicates that Albenga's see was likely the most significant in western Liguria at the time.<ref>Balzaretti, 2013. p. 65</ref>
During the 5th century, the city suffered from raids by the [[Visigoth]]s, who partly destroyed and looted Albenga. The old ''[[Municipium]]'', now in poor condition, was reconstructed with the support of Emperor [[Constantius III]]. His intervention provided stability and a defensive structure, ensuring the city's survival in the centuries that followed.
In 1798 Albenga was declared capital of the Centa Jurisdiction, as part of the short living constitution of the [[Ligurian Republic]]. In 1815 the city, together with the whole [[Liguria]], was assigned to the Savoia ( the Italian Royal family) and became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. The town was the head city of the new province of Albenga. The new district was formed with all municipalities from Andora and Finale Ligure including the country side .▼
The city was listed among the coastal ''civitates'' downsized to villages (vici) by [[Rothari]], [[List of kings of the Lombards|king of the Lombards]], as documented by [[Chronicle of Fredegar|Fredegar]] in the 660s.<ref>Balzaretti, 2013. p. 45</ref>
In 1863, after the [[unification of Italy]], the province was reduced to a district, and was abolished completely in 1927. In this time Albenga was reduced to an agricultural village, overtaken by other coastal towns in both economic and demographic development. Albenga wasn't a popular holiday destination like other towns in the Italian Riviera. ▼
===
▲
▲The name of Albenga comes from the Latin ''Albíngaunum'' that comes from ''Album Ingaunum'', that it means the capital city + genitive plural in -um. The ethnonym Ingauni ( Ingauners) consists of Indo-European origin, and a name of Gaulish-ligurian land. ''Album'' comes from ''alb'' o ''alp'' an ancient pre-Indo-European (rock, hill), often erroneously assocciata to "album" a Latin word meaning white or clear. The first name was Album Ingaunum, but when it was conquered by the Romans, the name became ''Albingaunum''; after the [[Roman Empire]] the name became ''Albinauno'' and near the 1000 became ''Albingano''. Only in the 14th century the name has become ''Albenga''.
▲Later on, after the invasion of northern Italy by emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa]], the city supported him and joined to [[Ghibelline]] coalition which was never abandoned during the following centuries. In 1159 Albenga received the imperial investiture for all its territory.
=== Modern era ===
▲In 1798 Albenga was declared capital of the Centa Jurisdiction, as part of the short living constitution of the [[Ligurian Republic]]. In 1815 the city, together with the whole
▲In 1863, after the [[unification of Italy]], the province was reduced to a district, and was abolished completely in 1927. In this time Albenga was reduced to an agricultural village, overtaken by other coastal towns in both economic and demographic development. Albenga wasn't a popular
==Geography==
[[FIle:Pecore_al_pascolo_nel_greto_dal_Centa.png|thumb|left|upright|Grazing sheep in the Centa riverbed]]
Albenga is located in the western coast of the
Albenga is the main city of the district ''Albenganese'', which extends from [[Finale Ligure|Finale]] to [[Andora]] and all countryside. The Gallinara island is included into this district. Christian cleric and saint [[Martin of Tours]] is believed to have once lived on the island, where a monastery now stands in his honor. Since 1064 the island has been a propriety of the abbey of [[Abbadia Alpina]].
===Climate===
The coastal climate is mild
{{Weather box|location = Albenga (1961–1990, extremes 1953–present)
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|source 1 = Servizio Meteorologico<ref name=SM>{{cite web
| url = http://clima.meteoam.it/web_clima_sysman/Clino6190/CLINO122.txt
| title = STAZIONE
| publisher = Servizio Meteorologico
| access-date = 6 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=extremes>{{cite web
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[[File:Albenga-IMG 0352.JPG|thumb|left|The Baptistery of Albenga.]]
===
{{main|Albenga Baptistery}}
The baptistery is located to the side of the cathedral, as it was typical of the early Christian structures, and can be visited from the Loggia of the old City Hall Palace. It has an octagonal interior dating to the 5th century. The current appearance dates from a late 19th-century restoration work, carried on by Alfredo D'Andrade. During those works, the original basin vaulted roof, built with the Byzantine-[[Ravenna#Main sights|Ravenna]]te technique of the "tubi fittili" (terracotta tubes), was completely destroyed. The mosaic decorations of the vault of the presbytery go back to the 5th and 6th centuries.
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===Ancient remains===
Restructured by Emperor Augustus in 13 BC, the [[Via Julia Augusta]] was the most important communication link in the Italian Riviera until the construction of the Napoleonic situated close to the sea; the current site of the Via Aurelia. Its path, with plenty of Roman buildings destined to funerary celebrations, makes an archaeological walk beautiful also from a panoramic
Albenga is also home to the remains of a [[Roman amphitheatre]] dating from the 3rd century BC. It represents the only example of theatrical construction knowns on the entire Western part of the Italian Riviera. Albenga is placed to a short distance from the Amphitheatre and the Via Julia Augusta. The funeral monument is called the ''Pilone'', standing over the eastern slope of the Mount. This is the most renowned and characteristic Ingauner funeral monument.
Also in the mount area is the Palaeo-Christian Basilica of S. Calocero (4th–5th century). It has built on the latter martyr's tomb.
Other archaeological side and interest points are:
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The [[Higher Institute of Religious Studies]] (often abbreviated ISSR) is a university that promotes the study and scientific research on religion.
==
[[File:Focaccia-erbe-olive.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Focaccia with olives]]
[[File:La Farinata di ceci.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Farinata]]
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* [[Purple Asparagus]]
* [[zucchini]] trumpet
*
* beefsteak tomato
* The biscuits with fennel seeds, called in local
* The extra virgin olive oil Taggiasca
* [Genoese Pesto]
* The "caviar" of [[Centa (river)|Centa]]
* [[Farinata]], a type of unleavened pancake or crêpe made from chickpea flour
* Fritters of [[Bianchetti]]
* [[Focaccia Genoese
* Ciappe oil
* [[olives]] Taggiasca in brine
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==Main Events==
* ''Palio dei Rioni Ingauni'': Fourth July weekend, a festival
* ''
* '' Green Night'': The first Saturday of September, a festival called la notte verde ( the green night) because the town is decorated with plants, flowers and vegetables;
* '' Albenga Flower'': spring flower festival in the old town of Albenga;
* ''Sagralea'':
* ''Festival Du Burgu'': it takes place in the hamlet of [[Bastia]] in the last week of August;
* ''Festival du Michettin'': in the locality of San Giorgio, a festival regarding
* '' Celebration of [[Saint Michael]]'': Albenga
* '' Celebration of [[Saint Lucia]]'':
* ''Diocesan Gathering brotherhoods'':
* '' National Piano Competition "Città di Albenga ''' It takes place 27–30 December;
* ''Apple House Party''<ref>[http://applehouseparty.blogspot.it/ Apple House Party Official Site]</ref>
* '' Festival of music and play "Head On"'': a prestigious festival that features national artists;
* '' Trophy National Albingaunum'': National Award for the Literature;
* ''Trophy of Wood Slingshot'':
==Notable residents==
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* [[Gianmario Roveraro]] (1936–2006), banker founder of [[Banca Akros]] and former [[sportsperson|athlete]]. He was first Italian athlete to exceed 2 m in [[high jump]].. Roveraro participated in [[Games of the XVI Olympiad]] in [[Melbourne]]
* [[Renato Curcio]] (1941), Former terrorist, publisher writer Italian writer, he is one of the founders of [[Red Brigades]]
* [[Giampiero Ventura]] (1948), Professional football manager, Ventura used to be football manager of the Italian national team of football. He has started his career like football manager with the Albenga Football.
* [[Ezio Madonia]] (1966), [[sportsperson|athlete]] [[Sprinter (Athletics)|sprinter]], he has participated in the [[Games of the XXIV Olympiad]] in [[Seoul]] in 1988 and the [[Games of the XXVI Olympiad]] in [[Atlanta]] in 1996▼
▲* [[Ezio Madonia]] (1966), [[sportsperson|athlete]] [[Sprinter (Athletics)|sprinter]], he has participated in the [[Games of the XXIV Olympiad]]in [[Seoul]] in 1988 and the [[Games of the XXVI Olympiad]] in [[Atlanta]] in 1996
==Transport and Infrastructure==
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=== Roads ===
Albenga is crossed by [[Via Aurelia]], which connects Rome to France. This road used to pass through the city center alongside the old town of Albenga. In 1960 was built an alternative road which has made possible to move all traffic outside from Albenga.
There are five
===Highway===
Albenga is accessible via the A10 motorway. Since 1969 has started the process regarding the project for a road that can unite the plain directly and quickly with the [[Val Bormida]], which it will be able to link directly Albenga to the Piedmont region, going straight to France and to
===Railway===
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===Airport===
In the close village of [[Villanova d'Albenga]] there is the [[Albenga Airport|Airport International "C. Panero"]], which has opened in 1922. Into the airport there is also the garrison of the'' 15 º Helicopters unit of'' [[Carabinieri]]
==Twin towns==
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== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* Balzaretti, Ross (2013). ''Dark Age Liguria: Regional Identity and Local Power c. 400-1020''. Studies in early medieval history. London: Bloomsbury. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-030-5|<bdi>978-1-78093-030-5</bdi>]].
==External links==
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Liguria]]
[[Category:Towers in Italy]]
[[Category:Second Punic War]]
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