Counter-jihad: Difference between revisions

While the roots of the movement go back to the 1980s, it did not gain significant momentum until after the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001, the [[7 July 2005 London bombings]], the [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy|''Jyllands-Posten'' Muhammad cartoons controversy]] and the [[2005 French riots]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.nocom/books?id=fh1rDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=no&pg=PT265#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Islamist Terrorism in Europe|first=Petter|last=Nesser|page=265|publisher=Oxford University|year=2018|isbn=9780190934927}}</ref> As far back as 2006, bloggers such as [[Fjordman]] were identified as playing a key role in forwarding the nascent counter-jihad ideology.<ref name="Lee" /> [[Bat Ye'or]]'s [[Eurabia]] theory published in her eponymous book in 2005 also played an important factor in influencing the movement. The first official counter-jihad conferences were held in 2007. The movement received considerable attention in 2011 following the [[2011 Norway attacks|lone wolf attacks]] by [[Anders Behring Breivik]], a neo-Nazi who disguised himself with a manifesto that exploited and extensively reproduced the writings of prominent counter-jihad bloggers,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nettavisen.no/artikkel/breivik-jeg-leste-hitlers-mein-kampf-da-jeg-var-14-ar/s/12-95-3423203669|title=Breivik: - Jeg leste Hitlers Mein Kampf da jeg var 14 år |date=16 March 2016|work=Nettavisen|language=no}}</ref> and following the emergence of prominent street movements such as the [[English Defence League]] (EDL) and [[Pegida]].<ref name="Lee" /> The movement has adherents both in Europe and in North America. The European wing is more focused on the alleged cultural threat to European traditions stemming from immigrant Muslim populations, while the American wing emphasizes an alleged external threat, essentially terrorist in nature.<ref name="svd.se"/>

The counter-jihad movement has connections to, and has influenced the ideology of European right-wing populist parties such as the [[Swiss People's Party]], [[Vlaams Belang]], [[Sweden Democrats]], [[Lega Nord]], [[Alternative for Germany]], [[National Rally (France)|National Rally]] of France, [[Freedom Party of Austria]], and Hungarian Prime Minister [[Viktor Orban]], while Dutch politician [[Geert Wilders]] is the most important figurehead for the movement.<ref name="perwee"/><ref>{{cite book|title='Green Crescent, Crimson Cross': The Transatlantic 'Counterjihad' and the New Political Theology|url=https://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3780/1/Pertwee__green-crescent-crimson-cross.pdf|pages=6, 101|last=Pertwee|first=Ed|date=October 2017|publisher=London School of Economics}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bq-IDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT19|title=Soldiers of a Different God: How the Counter-Jihad Movement Created Mayhem, Murder and the Trump Presidency|first=Christopher|last=Othen|pages=19, 269-271269–271|year=2018|publisher=Amberley|isbn=9781445678009}}</ref>