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While the roots of the movement go back to the 1980s, it did not gain significant momentum until after the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001. The movement has been variously described as pro-Israel,<ref name="Lee" /> [[Criticism of Islam|anti-Islamic]]<ref name=svd.se>{{Cite news|url=http://www.svd.se/kultur/understrecket/diffus-rorelse-med-muslimer-som-hatobjekt_6364272.svd|title=Diffus rörelse med muslimer som hatobjekt|work=Svenska Dagbladet|date=3 August 2011|accessdate=6 August 2011|language=sv}}</ref><ref name=CBSNews>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57432640/pentagon-suspends-counterjihad-class-on-islam/|title=Pentagon suspends "counterjihad" class on Islam|work=[[CBS News]]|date=11 May 2012|accessdate=3 July 2012}}</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/14/breivik-trial-norway-mass-murderer The Guardian: Far-right anti-Muslim network on rise globally as Breivik trial opens]</ref>, [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goodwin|first1=Matthew J.|last2=Cutts|first2=David|last3=Janta-Lipinski|first3=Laurence|title=Economic losers, protestors, islamophobes or xenophobes? Predicting public support for a counter-Jihad movement|journal=Political Studies|date=19 August 2014|volume=64|issue=1|pages=4-26|doi=10.1111/1467-9248.12159|url=http://opus.bath.ac.uk/41051/|accessdate=6 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.svd.se/opinion/brannpunkt/risk-att-breivik-ses-som-profet_7065745.svd|title=Risk att Breivik ses som profet|work=Svenska Dagbladet|author=Anna-Lena Lodenius|language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Mattias Wåg|url=http://www.goteborgsfria.se/artikel/89385| title=Den nya högerextremismens terroristiska uttryck|newspaper=Göteborgs fria|date=28 Jul 2011|language=sv}}</ref><ref name=Denes/>, inciting hatred against Muslims,<ref name=HateAgainstMuslims>{{cite journal|last1=Wolff|first1=Elisabetta Cassina|title=Evola's interpretation of fascism and moral responsibility|journal=[[Patterns of Prejudice]]|date=2 November 2016|volume=50|issue=4-5|pages=478–494|doi=10.1080/0031322X.2016.1243662}}</ref> or [[Far-right politics|far-right]].<ref name=svd.se/><ref name=Denes>{{cite journal|last=Denes|first=Nick|title=Welcome to the Counterjihad: "Uncivil" Networks and European Social Space|journal=Dahrendorf Symposia Series|volume=2012-12|publisher=Dahrendorf Symposia|location=Berlin|year=2012|url=http://www.dahrendorf-symposium.eu/fileadmin/Content_Images/Papers/Dahrendorf_Symposia_Series/DSS_12.pdf|accessdate=2012-08-26|doi=10.1080/17448689.2012.738894}}</ref><ref name=HitchensBrun2013>Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens, Hans Brun, ''[http://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ICSR-ECJM-Report_Online.pdf A Neo-Nationalist Network: The [[English Defence League]] and Europe’s Counter-Jihad Movement]'', [[The International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence|International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence]], March 2013.</ref>
The movement has adherents both in Europe and in North America, which according to some vary in tone. The European wing is more focused on the alleged cultural threat to European traditions stemming from immigrant Muslim populations, whereas the American wing emphasizes an alleged external threat, essentially terrorist in nature.<ref name="svd.se"/>
==Overview==
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