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{{Infobox
|image=Gorlice bitwa.jpg
|image_size =300px
|unit_name=4th Landwehr Division (''4. Landwehr-Division'')
|dates=1914-1919
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}}
The '''4th Landwehr Division''' (''4. Landwehr-Division'') was an infantry division of the [[German Army (German Empire)|Imperial German Army]] during [[World War I]]. It was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the "Higher ''Landwehr'' Commander 4" (''Höherer Landwehr-Kommandeur 4''). The [[Landwehr]] was the third category of the German Army, after the regular Army and the reserves. Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers who had passed from the reserves, and were intended primarily for occupation and security duties rather than heavy combat. The division was primarily raised in the [[Prussia|Prussian]] provinces of [[Upper Silesia|Upper]] and [[Lower Silesia]]. It was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.
==Combat chronicle==
The 4th Landwehr Division fought on the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] in World War I. It was on the front in Poland from the early days, and participated in the [[Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive]], crossing the Vistula in July and advancing toward the Bug, and eventually reaching the line between the Servech and Shchara rivers near [[Baranovichi]], where the front stabilized. It remained in the line there until the armistice on the Eastern Front in December 1917. Thereafter, the division served in Ukraine and in German occupation forces in Russia. In November 1918, elements of the division were transferred to the Western Front, but had barely arrived in the line by the end of the war. Allied intelligence rated the division as mediocre.<ref>
==Order of battle on mobilization==
The order of battle of the 4th Landwehr Division on mobilization in August 1914 was as follows:<ref name="Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle">Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle''.</ref>
*22.Landwehr-Infanterie-Brigade
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**Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 22
**Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 23
*21.Ersatz-Infanterie-Brigade
**Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillon Nr. 21
**Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillon Nr. 22
**Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillon Nr. 23
**Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillon Nr. 24
**Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillon Nr. 78
*Ersatz-Kavallerie-Regiment
*Landwehr-Kavallerie-Regiment Nr. 2
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*2.Landsturm-Batterie/VI.Armeekorps
*Ersatz-Kompanie/Schlesisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 6
Due to losses suffered by the 4th ''Landwehr'' Division in the [[Battle of Tarnawka]] (7–9 September 1914), the 11th and 51st ''Landwehr'' Infantry Regiments were reduced to a single battalion each; the 22nd and 23rd ''Landwehr'' Infantry Regiments were reduced to two battalions each. On 14 September 1914, the 21st Ersatz Infantry Brigade was dissolved and its Brigade Ersatz battalions used to replace combat losses in the following Landwehr battalions:<ref>{{harvnb|Busche|1998|p=131}}</ref>
:21st Brigade ''Ersatz'' Battalion absorbed into II Battalion, 51st ''Landwehr'' Infantry Regiment
:22nd Brigade ''Ersatz'' Battalion absorbed into II Battalion, 11th ''Landwehr'' Infantry Regiment
:23rd Brigade ''Ersatz'' Battalion absorbed into II Battalion, 51st ''Landwehr'' Infantry Regiment
:24th Brigade ''Ersatz'' Battalion absorbed into II Battalion, 11th ''Landwehr'' Infantry Regiment
:78th Brigade ''Ersatz'' Battalion absorbed into II Battalion, 78th ''Landwehr'' Infantry Regiment
==Order of battle on February 5, 1918==
The division underwent several structural changes as the war progressed. It was [[triangular division|triangularized]] in September 1916, dissolving the 23rd Landwehr Infantry Brigade. Cavalry was reduced, pioneers were increased to a full battalion, and a divisional signals command was created. The division's order of battle on
*22.Landwehr-Infanterie-Brigade
Line 44 ⟶ 59:
*Landwehr-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 4
*Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 404
*Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 504
==Notes==▼
{{Reflist}}▼
==References==
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* Günter Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.'' (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
* ''Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919'' (1920)
* {{cite book|last=Busche |first=Hartwig |title=Formationsgeschichte der Deutschen Infanterie im Ersten Weltkrieg (1914 bis 1918)|year= 1998 }}
▲==Notes==
▲{{Reflist}}
▲{{German Empire Divisions}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:
[[Category:
[[Category:Infantry divisions of Germany]]▼
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1914]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1919]]
[[pl:5 Dywizja Landwehry Cesarstwa Niemieckiego]]
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