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{{short description|Latin letter E with caron}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
[[File:Latin letter E with caron.svg|thumb|Majuscule and minuscule '''ě.''']]
The [[grapheme]] '''Ě''', '''ě''' ([[E]] with [[caron]]) is used in [[Czech alphabet|Czech]], [[Sorbian alphabet|Upper Sorbian]] and Lower Sorbian alphabets.
 
The [[grapheme]] '''Ě''', '''ě''' ([[E]] with [[caron]]) is used in [[Czech alphabet|Czech]], and [[Sorbian alphabet]]s, in [[Pinyin]], in [[Javanese orthography|UpperJavanese]], Sorbianin [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] and Lowerin Sorbian[[Proto-Slavic language|Proto-Slavic]] alphabetsnotation.
 
==Czech==
{{see also|Czech orthography|Czech phonology}}
The letter ě is a vestige of Old-Czech [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalization]]. The originally palatalizing [[phoneme]], [[yat]] /ě/ {{IPA|[ʲɛ]}}, became extinct, changing to {{IPA|[ɛ]}} or {{IPA|[jɛ]}}, but it is preserved as a [[grapheme]].
 
This letter never appears in the initial position, and its pronunciation depends on the preceding consonant:
* ''Dě, tě, ně'' {{IPA|[ɟɛ, cɛ, ɲɛ]}} is written instead of ďe, ťe, ňe (analogously to di, ti, ni).
* ''Bě, pě, vě, fě'' is written instead of ''bje, pje, vje, fje''. But inNevertheless, some words ('''''vj'''ezd'', "entry, drive-in,"; ''o'''bj'''em'', "volume"), are written with ''bje, vje'' is written because ''–je-'' is part of the etymological root of the word, preceded by the prefix ''v-'' or ''ob-''.
* ''Mě'' {{IPA|[mɲɛ]}} is written instead of ''mňe''. For etymological reasons, ''mně'' is written in some words (''je'''mn'''ý'', "soft" -> ''je'''mn'''ě'', "softly").
 
==Serbo-Croatian==
The [[grapheme]] is alsosometimes useused in [[Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] to denote a [[yat|jat]] (''něsam, věra, lěpo, pověst, tělo...''). andIt couldis bepronounced pronouncein different ways depending on specific[[Dialects reflexof Serbo-Croatian|dialect]]: [[Ekavian]] (''nisamnesam, vera, lepo, povest, telo...''), [[Ikavian]] (''nisam, vira, lipo, povist, tilo...''), or [[JekavianIjekavian]] (''njesamnijesam, vjera, ljepolijepo, povjestpovijest, tjelo...tijelo''). orHistorically its use was very widespread, but it gradually lost favour to combined ''[[Ijekavianj]]'' ("nijesam,and vijera,''[[e]]'' lijepo,graphemes povijest,and tijelo...").it Historicallywas itseventually usedropped wasfrom verythe wide[[Gaj's spread,Latin todayalphabet]]; it is only found in scientific and historically accurate literature.
 
==Chinese==
[[Pinyin]] uses this ě (e [[caron]]), not the e [[breve]] (ĕ), to indicate the third [[tone (linguistics)|tone]] of [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]].
 
==ComputingJavanese==
[[Javanese orthography|Javanese]] uses ě (e caron), to indicate ''pěpět'' ([[schwa]]) {{angbr IPA|ə}}.
 
==Sundanese==
Same as Javanese, ě (e caron) in [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] also indicates ''pěpět'' (schwa) {{angbr IPA|ə}}.
 
==Encoding==
{{charmap
| 011A | name1 = Latin Capital Letter E with Caron
| 011B | name2 = Latin Small Letter E with Caron
| map1 = [[ISO 8859-2]] | map1char1 = CC | map1char2 = EC
}}<ref name="compart">{{cite web|url= https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+011A|title=Unicode Character "Ě" (U+011A)|work=Compart |publisher=Compart AG | place= Oak Brook, IL|date=2021 |accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref>
}}
 
==See also==
==References==
*[[Czech orthography]]
{{Reflist}}
*[[Czech phonology]]
 
{{Latin alphabetscript}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:E Caron}}
[[Category:SpecificLatin letter-diacriticletters combinationswith diacritics]]
 
 
{{Latin-alphabetscript-stub}}
{{phonetics-stub}}