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===Extant species===
===Extant species===
The genus contains seventeen [[species]]:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/cotingas/|title=Cotingas, manakins, tityras & becards « IOC World Bird List|website=www.worldbirdnames.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-15}}</ref>
The genus contains seventeen [[species]]:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/cotingas/|title=Cotingas, manakins, tityras & becards « IOC World Bird List|website=www.worldbirdnames.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-15}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Green-backed becard]] (''Pachyramphus viridis'')
|-
* [[Yellow-cheeked becard]] (''Pachyramphus xanthogenys'')
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name!! Distribution
* [[Barred becard]] (''Pachyramphus versicolor'')
|-
* [[Slaty becard]] (''Pachyramphus spodiurus'')
|[[File:Pachyramphus viridis viridis.jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus viridis''|| [[Green-backed becard]] || Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
* [[Cinereous becard]] (''Pachyramphus rufus'')
|-
* [[Chestnut-crowned becard]] (''Pachyramphus castaneus'')
|[[File:Yellow-cheeked Becard - South Ecuador S4E0718 (16917282561).jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus xanthogenys''|| [[Yellow-cheeked becard]] || south Colombia, east Ecuador, central Peru
* [[Cinnamon becard]] (''Pachyramphus cinnamomeus'')
|-
* [[White-winged becard]] (''Pachyramphus polychopterus'')
|[[File:Pachyramphus versicolor (male) -NW Ecuador-6.jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus versicolor''|| [[Barred becard]]|| from Costa Rica to northwestern Ecuador and northern Bolivia.
* [[Black-capped becard]] (''Pachyramphus marginatus'')
|-
* [[Black-and-white becard]] (''Pachyramphus albogriseus'')
|[[File:Slatybecard.jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus spodiurus''|| [[Slaty becard]] || Ecuador and far northern Peru.
* [[Grey-collared becard]] (''Pachyramphus major'')
|-
* [[Glossy-backed becard]] (''Pachyramphus surinamus'')
|[[File:Pachyramphys rufus - Cinereous becard (male).jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus rufus''|| [[Cinereous becard]] || Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela
* [[One-colored becard]] (''Pachyramphus homochrous'')
|-
* [[Pink-throated becard]] (''Pachyramphus minor'')
|[[File:Chestnut-crowned Becard.jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus castaneus''|| [[Chestnut-crowned becard]] || Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia and regions of Venezuela
* [[Crested becard]] (''Pachyramphus validus'')
|-
* [[Rose-throated becard]] (''Pachyramphus aglaiae'')
|[[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Cinnamon Becard (Pachyramphus cinnamomeus) (1) (cropped).jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus cinnamomeus''|| [[Cinnamon becard]]||south-eastern Mexico south to north-western Ecuador and north-western Venezuela
* [[Jamaican becard]] (''Pachyramphus niger'')
|-
|[[File:Pachyramphus polychopterus -Panama-8.jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus polychopterus''|| [[White-winged becard]]|| Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Pachyramphus marginatus - Black-capped Becard (male).JPG|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus marginatus''|| [[Black-capped becard]] ||Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Black-and-White Becard - Ecuador S4E3868 (16298262843).jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus albogriseus''|| [[Black-and-white becard]] || Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Pachyramphus major-Yucatán.jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus major''|| [[Grey-collared becard]] || Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
|-
|[[File:Pachyramphus surinamus - Glossy-backed becard.JPG|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus surinamus''|| [[Glossy-backed becard]]|| Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname.
|-
|[[File:One-colored Becard m - South Ecuador S4E8722 (16730610578).jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus homochrous''|| [[One-colored becard]] || Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Pachyramphus minor - Pink-throated Becard (male).JPG|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus minor''|| [[Pink-throated becard]] || Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Crested Becard - Intervales - Brazil S4E9523 (16916994572).jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus validus''|| [[Crested becard]] || Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru.
|-
|[[File:614 - ROSE-THROATED BECARD (5-22-2018) north of tubac river crossing bridge, santa cruz co, az -02 (42239692182).jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus aglaiae''|| [[Rose-throated becard]] || south-easternmost Arizona and extreme southern Texas of the United States to western Panama.
|-
|[[File:Jamaican Becard (Pachyramphus niger) (8082132988).jpg|120px]] ||''Pachyramphus niger''|| [[Jamaican becard]] || Jamaica.
|-
|}


===Former species===
===Former species===

Revision as of 01:34, 12 March 2019

Pachyramphus
Chestnut-crowned becard (Pachyramphus castaneus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Tityridae
Subfamily: Tityrinae
Genus: Pachyramphus
Gould & G.R. Gray, 1839
Species

See text.

Synonyms
  • Bathmidura
  • Pachyrhamphus Strickland, 1841
  • Platypsaris

A becard is a bird of the genus Pachyramphus in the family Tityridae.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus had traditionally been placed in Cotingidae or Tyrannidae, but evidence strongly suggests that it is better placed in the family Tityridae, where it is now placed by the IOC.[1]

Extant species

The genus contains seventeen species:[2]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Pachyramphus viridis Green-backed becard Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Pachyramphus xanthogenys Yellow-cheeked becard south Colombia, east Ecuador, central Peru
Pachyramphus versicolor Barred becard from Costa Rica to northwestern Ecuador and northern Bolivia.
Pachyramphus spodiurus Slaty becard Ecuador and far northern Peru.
Pachyramphus rufus Cinereous becard Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela
Pachyramphus castaneus Chestnut-crowned becard Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia and regions of Venezuela
Pachyramphus cinnamomeus Cinnamon becard south-eastern Mexico south to north-western Ecuador and north-western Venezuela
Pachyramphus polychopterus White-winged becard Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Pachyramphus marginatus Black-capped becard Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Pachyramphus albogriseus Black-and-white becard Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
Pachyramphus major Grey-collared becard Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
Pachyramphus surinamus Glossy-backed becard Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname.
Pachyramphus homochrous One-colored becard Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
Pachyramphus minor Pink-throated becard Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Pachyramphus validus Crested becard Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru.
Pachyramphus aglaiae Rose-throated becard south-easternmost Arizona and extreme southern Texas of the United States to western Panama.
Pachyramphus niger Jamaican becard Jamaica.

Former species

Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize several additional species as belonging to the genus Pachyramphus including:

Description

The becards are characterized by their large heads with a slight crest.[4] The smaller members of this genus have graduated tails and most members are sexually dimorphic, although the cinnamon becard[4] and the chestnut-crowned becard have similar plumages for the males and females. Juvenile becards resemble the adult females in plumage and, as far as known, obtain their adult plumage after about a year.[4] The bills of the becards are grey, and many (but not all) have a black culmen or upper mandible. Their legs are dark gray.[4]

Distribution and habitat

They are primarily found in Central and South America, but the rose-throated becard occurs as far north as southern United States and, as suggested by its common name, the Jamaican becard is restricted to Jamaica.[5] Depending on the species, they are found in wooded habitats ranging from open woodland to the dense canopy of rainforests.

Breeding

The nest of a becard is a bulky globular mass of dead leaves, mosses, and fibers with the entrance near the bottom of the nest.[4] Nests are typically wedged or slung from the outer branches of trees at the mid or upper levels.[4]

References

  1. ^ Adopt the Family Tityridae Archived 2008-05-08 at the Wayback Machine – South American Classification Committee (2007)
  2. ^ "Cotingas, manakins, tityras & becards « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-04-15.
  3. ^ "Asthenes dorbignyi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-15.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Howell, Steve N.G.; Webb, Sophie (1995), A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 520, ISBN 0-19-854012-4
  5. ^ Miller, Eliot T.; Wagner, Sarah K.; Klavins, Juan; Brush, Timothy; Greeney, Harold F. (16 March 2015). "Striking Courtship Displays in the Becard Clade Platypsaris" (PDF). The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 127 (1): 123–126. doi:10.1676/14-030.1.
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