Cereus jamacaru: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
import information from german and spanish wikipedia |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Species of cactus}} |
{{Short description|Species of cactus}} |
||
{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date=July 2013}}{{more footnotes|date=July 2013}}}} |
|||
{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
||
|image = Cereus jamacaru. |
|image = Blühender Cereus jamacaru (Säulenkaktus).jpg |
||
|image_caption = |
|image_caption = |
||
|status = LC |
|status = LC |
||
|status_ref = <ref name="Kew) Assessment) 2010 p. ">{{cite journal | last=Kew) | first=Nigel Taylor (RBG | last2=Assessment) | first2=Pierre Braun (Global Cactus | title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | journal=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | date=2010-08-10 | url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en | access-date=2023-08-12 | page=}}</ref> |
|||
|status_ref = |
|||
|status_system = IUCN2.3 |
|status_system = IUCN2.3 |
||
|taxon = Cereus jamacaru |
|taxon = Cereus jamacaru |
||
|authority = DC. |
|authority = DC. |
||
|synonyms = |
|||
*''Cactus jamacaru'' {{small|(DC.) Kostel. 1835}} |
|||
*''Piptanthocereus jamacaru'' {{small|(DC.) Riccob. 1909}} |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''''Cereus jamacaru''''', known as '''mandacaru''' or '''cardeiro''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.ws/ivankoelho/Plantasmedicinais.htm|title=Cardeiro|accessdate=August 6, 2012|author=Geocities}}</ref> is a [[cactus]] native to central and eastern [[Brazil]].<ref name=POWO_53061-2>{{cite web |title=((''Cereus jamacaru'' DC.)) |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53061-2 |access-date=2021-12-08 }}</ref> It often grows up to {{convert|20|ft|m|0|order=flip|abbr=off}} high. |
'''''Cereus jamacaru''''', known as '''mandacaru''' or '''cardeiro''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.ws/ivankoelho/Plantasmedicinais.htm|title=Cardeiro|accessdate=August 6, 2012|author=Geocities}}</ref> is a [[cactus]] native to central and eastern [[Brazil]].<ref name=POWO_53061-2>{{cite web |title=((''Cereus jamacaru'' DC.)) |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53061-2 |access-date=2021-12-08 }}</ref> It often grows up to {{convert|20|ft|m|0|order=flip|abbr=off}} high. |
||
==Description== |
|||
⚫ | |||
The plants have wooded stem succulent trees that reach about 9 m (up to 15 m) in height with segmented stems and form large crowns. The trunks reach a diameter of 45 cm with 4 to 6 slightly wavy notches and more in old age. The segmented twigs have four to six ribs 8 to 20 cm long and 5 to 7 radials 1.5 cm long, sometimes up to ten ribs due to ribs that have been pushed in with age. The ribs, which are initially about 3.5 cm high, become higher with advancing age. |
|||
Yellow to brown areoles stand on them at a distance of 2 to 4 cm. These carry about 15 to 20 yellowish to brownish spines, which are divided into 7 to 9 radial spines and 6 to 13 central spines. It is not uncommon for the total number of thorns to be reached over the course of many years. The thorns that form later are particularly tough and up to 10 cm long. |
|||
[[File:Fruto de cactus.jpg|thumb|The fruit of ''Cereus jamacaru'']] |
[[File:Fruto de cactus.jpg|thumb|The fruit of ''Cereus jamacaru'']] |
||
The flowers are white open at night, and about {{convert|10|in|mm|-1|order=flip|abbr=on}} long, with green and white outside the petals with a brown outer edge. The outer bracts are brownish to light green, the inner ones are white. The flower buds usually appear in the middle of spring and each flower lasts only for a night. They blossom at dusk and wither by the morning. |
|||
After fertilization, the fruits are egg- to pear-shaped, about 6 cm in diameter and 12 cm long. These turn carmine to coral red when ripe and tear open lengthwise. Its fruit has a very strong violet color. The pulp is white with tiny black seeds, about 3 mm in size, and it is considered very tasty. |
|||
<gallery> |
|||
File:Inhotim Rosangela C. Magalhães 9.jpg|Plant |
|||
File:Espinhos de cacto.JPG|Spines |
|||
File:Flor de Mandacaru, Guarujá, São Paulo.jpg|Flowers |
|||
File:Babão, o fruto do mandacaru.jpg|Fruit with pink flesh |
|||
File:Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru) 02.jpg|Fruit with white flesh |
|||
</gallery> |
|||
==Taxonomy== |
|||
''Cereus jamacaru'' was first described by Augustin Pyrame de Candolle and published in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 3: 467. 1828. Nomenclatural synonyms are ''Cactus jamacaru'' (DC.) Kostel. (1835) and ''Piptanthocereus jamacaru'' (DC.) Riccob. (1909) |
|||
In the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species the species is listed as "Least Concern (LC)".<ref name="Kew) Assessment) 2010 p. "/> |
|||
===Subspecies=== |
|||
There are two recognized subspecies:<ref name="Plants of the World Online 2021 c072">{{cite web | title=Cereus jamacaru DC. | website=Plants of the World Online | date=2021-07-13 | url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53061-2 | access-date=2023-08-12}}</ref> |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Image !! Name !! Distribution |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru) 01.jpg|120px]] ||''Cereus jamacaru'' subsp. ''jamacaru'' || Brazil ( Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte ) |
|||
|- |
|||
| || ''Cereus jamacaru'' subsp. ''calcirupicola'' {{small|(F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor & Zappi}}|| Minas Gerais in Limestone outcrops |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
==Distribution== |
|||
It is endemic to Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil. It is a very common species in the Caatinga habitats. Many birds feed on the fruit, like the "[[gralha-cancã]]" and the "[[periquito-da-caatinga]]" from Brazilian [[caatinga]]. |
|||
[[File:Jericoacoara (2007) 07.jpg|thumb|left|Plants growing in Jijoca de Jericoacoara, Ceará, Brazil]] |
|||
==Uses== |
|||
[[File:Bandeira petrolina.svg|thumb|The flag of [[Petrolina]]]] |
[[File:Bandeira petrolina.svg|thumb|The flag of [[Petrolina]]]] |
||
⚫ | |||
The flowers are white and about {{convert|10|in|mm|-1|order=flip|abbr=on}} long. The flower buds usually appear in the middle of spring and each flower lasts only for a night. They blossom at dusk and wither by the morning. Its fruit has a very strong violet color. The pulp is white with tiny black seeds, and it is considered very tasty. Many birds feed on them, like the "[[gralha-cancã]]" and the "[[periquito-da-caatinga]]" from Brazilian [[caatinga]]. |
|||
The mandacaru is featured on the flag of the city of [[Petrolina]] in the state of [[Pernambuco]]. |
The mandacaru is featured on the flag of the city of [[Petrolina]] in the state of [[Pernambuco]]. |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
Line 29: | Line 64: | ||
[[Category:Cereus (plant)|jamacaru]] |
[[Category:Cereus (plant)|jamacaru]] |
||
{{cactus-stub}} |
Revision as of 06:42, 12 August 2023
Cereus jamacaru | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Cactaceae |
Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
Genus: | Cereus |
Species: | C. jamacaru
|
Binomial name | |
Cereus jamacaru DC.
| |
Synonyms | |
|
Cereus jamacaru, known as mandacaru or cardeiro,[2] is a cactus native to central and eastern Brazil.[3] It often grows up to 6 metres (20 feet) high.
Description
The plants have wooded stem succulent trees that reach about 9 m (up to 15 m) in height with segmented stems and form large crowns. The trunks reach a diameter of 45 cm with 4 to 6 slightly wavy notches and more in old age. The segmented twigs have four to six ribs 8 to 20 cm long and 5 to 7 radials 1.5 cm long, sometimes up to ten ribs due to ribs that have been pushed in with age. The ribs, which are initially about 3.5 cm high, become higher with advancing age.
Yellow to brown areoles stand on them at a distance of 2 to 4 cm. These carry about 15 to 20 yellowish to brownish spines, which are divided into 7 to 9 radial spines and 6 to 13 central spines. It is not uncommon for the total number of thorns to be reached over the course of many years. The thorns that form later are particularly tough and up to 10 cm long.
The flowers are white open at night, and about 250 mm (10 in) long, with green and white outside the petals with a brown outer edge. The outer bracts are brownish to light green, the inner ones are white. The flower buds usually appear in the middle of spring and each flower lasts only for a night. They blossom at dusk and wither by the morning.
After fertilization, the fruits are egg- to pear-shaped, about 6 cm in diameter and 12 cm long. These turn carmine to coral red when ripe and tear open lengthwise. Its fruit has a very strong violet color. The pulp is white with tiny black seeds, about 3 mm in size, and it is considered very tasty.
-
Plant
-
Spines
-
Flowers
-
Fruit with pink flesh
-
Fruit with white flesh
Taxonomy
Cereus jamacaru was first described by Augustin Pyrame de Candolle and published in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 3: 467. 1828. Nomenclatural synonyms are Cactus jamacaru (DC.) Kostel. (1835) and Piptanthocereus jamacaru (DC.) Riccob. (1909)
In the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species the species is listed as "Least Concern (LC)".[1]
Subspecies
There are two recognized subspecies:[4]
Distribution
It is endemic to Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil. It is a very common species in the Caatinga habitats. Many birds feed on the fruit, like the "gralha-cancã" and the "periquito-da-caatinga" from Brazilian caatinga.
Uses
A thorn-less kind is used for animal feed. The most common kind is highly thorny but is also used for animal feed, after burning or cutting off the thorns. Mandacaru is highly drought-resistant.
The mandacaru is featured on the flag of the city of Petrolina in the state of Pernambuco.
References
- ^ a b Kew), Nigel Taylor (RBG; Assessment), Pierre Braun (Global Cactus (2010-08-10). "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
- ^ Geocities. "Cardeiro". Retrieved August 6, 2012.
- ^ "Cereus jamacaru DC." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
- ^ "Cereus jamacaru DC". Plants of the World Online. 2021-07-13. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
External links
Media related to Cereus jamacaru at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Cereus jamacaru at Wikispecies