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Executions and assassinations during the Israel–Hamas war

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Governorates of the West Bank (State of Palestine)
Gaza Strip Gaza Strip
Flag of Hamas Hamas government

During the Israel-Hamas war there were a very large number of incidents of deliberate killings of people who were not actively engaged in combat. Many of the soldiers and militants who were killed, and often reported as if they died in combat, were killed in their beds in the middle of the night or early morning.

Killings by Palestinians[edit]

Massacre at Nahal Oz lookout[edit]

Main article: Nahal Oz attack § At the military base
This section is about massacres of unarmed military. For attacks on civilians, see Nahal Oz attack § Inside the kibbutz, and 7 October attacks.

Dozens of unarmed members of the IDF were massacred at Nahal Oz lookout base. Some were troops who were still in bed early in the morning, others were surveillance staff who had no access to weapons or weapons training.

Hamas government in Gaza[edit]

See also: Doghmush clan and Fayeq Mabhouh

The IDF claimed Fayeq Mabhouh[A] - the police officer who was killed during the Al-Shifa Hospital siege - had been appointed to intimidate local Gazan clans in order to thwart them from cooperating with Israel on guarding the distribution of humanitarian aid,[1] and accused him of "orchestrating" the execution of the leader of the Doghmush clan the week before he was killed.[2] The clan allegedly denied this, and claimed the leader and his family were killed by an airstrike.[3] Israel and Gaza's government were competing to win over the clans.[4] It was rumoured that a large part of the Israeli motive for killing Mabhouh was the failure of the Israeli plan to replace the police in Gaza with the clans (such as the Doghmush clan) to distribute aid and enforce the law.[5]

West Bank public execution of alleged informant[edit]

On Friday 24 November 2023, two Palestinian men were killed by other Palestinians in Tulkarm in the West Bank.[6]

The Tulkarm Battalion Rapid Response group, who the Times of Israel described as a local militant group affiliated with the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, posted a cryptic statement on Telegram just after the two men were reported killed, “We did not wrong them, but they wronged themselves”.[7][6] Possibly a reference to verse 10:44 of the Qur'an, from Surah Yunus (the book of Jonah)[8] Arabic: إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ ٱلنَّاسَ شَيْـًۭٔا وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱلنَّاسَ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ, lit. 'Indeed, god does not wrong people in the least, but it is people who wrong themselves.'[9]

The Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, an Israeli think tank,[10] described the incident as "The Disintegration of Palestinian Society".[11]

Killings by Israelis in the West Bank[edit]

See also: Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Israel-Hamas war and Executions and assassinations in the West Bank and Jerusalem

Assassination of a hospital patient and his companions[edit]

See also: war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war

Israeli forces disguised as medical staff and civilians have shot dead three Palestinians inside a hospital in the city of Jenin in the occupied West Bank. Hospital says the men were ‘assassinated’. Israel says they belonged to a ‘Hamas terrorist cell’.[12] The BBC called them "members of Palestinian armed groups".[13] But, even if they are militants, it is a war crime to gadget them when wounded, and a war crime to impersonate doctors in the process.[14] According to UN exports, the killing of three Palestinian men in a hospital in the occupied West Bank by Israeli commandos disguised as medical workers and Muslim women may amount to war crimes.[15]

Unarmed members of the military are allowed to be taken prisoner but not killed.[14] Wounded combatants are further protected under the Geneva Conventions, they are not allowed to be killed or captured,[16] but they may be kept as prisoners of war after they recover if they are treated at enemy hospitals.[17]

Bombing family homes[edit]

Abu Qouta family[edit]

One of the first homes hit was that of the Abu Qouta family, late at night on 7 October 2023. Nineteen members of the family were killed, the youngest was a baby under one year old.[18] [19] [20] [21] [22]

Summary executions[edit]

OHCHR stated on 20 December it had received allegations of Israeli soldiers summarily killing at least eleven unarmed men in Rimal.[23] Al Jazeera reported that the number summarily executed was 15, killed during an apartment raid. The execution was witnessed by the families of the men.[24] Middlesex University professor William Schabas stated, "It's not really important to demonstrate that they're civilians. Summary executions even of fighters, even of combatants is a war crime."[25] Euro-Med Monitor told Al Jazeera they believe there is a pattern of "systematic" killing, that "In at least 13 of field executions, we corroborated that it was arbitrary on the part of the Israeli forces."[26] On 26 December 2023, Euro-Med Monitor submitted a file to the International Criminal Court and United Nations special rapporteurs documenting dozens of cases of field executions carried out by Israeli forces and calling for an investigation.[27][28][29] In March 2024, video of an IDF soldier bragging about killing an elderly deaf man hiding under his bed was released, leading the Council on American-Islamic Relations to condemn the killing as an execution and war crime.[30][31] The Israeli military stated they would begin a probe into the incident.[32] Defense officials told Haaretz that the Israeli army had created kill zones in Gaza, in which any person who crossed an "invisible line" was killed.[33]

Mass graves[edit]

See also: Gaza mass graves and Mass graves in the Middle East

A mass grave with 283 bodies was uncovered in April 2024 at Khan Younis's Nasser medical complex in the southern Gaza city. 30 bodies were buried in two graves in the courtyard of Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City.[34][35] Reportedly, bodies were found with their hands and feet tied.[36] Following the discovery of the mass graves, UN human rights chief Volker Türk called for an independent investigation on the intentional killing of civilians by the IDF and stated the "intentional killing of civilians, detainees, and others who are hors de combat is a war crime."[37][38] A spokesperson for the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights described the discoveries, stating, "Some of them had their hands tied, which of course indicates serious violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and these need to be subjected to further investigations".[39] William Schabas, a Canadian expert on international human rights law, stated mass graves have "always been an indication that war crimes have been committed".[40]

Alleged assassinations by Israelis in Gaza[edit]

Fayeq Mabhouh[edit]

Main article: Fayeg Mabhouh

During an IDF raid on Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, Fayeq Mabhouh was killed in what sources based on reports from the IDF described as a firefight between "Hamas militants" or "terrorists" and Israeli troops.[41][42][43][44] but some Palestinian aligned sources describe as an assassination.[45][46][47][48] They mostly don't despute that Fayeq fired on the Israeli forces who approached him, but they frame the situation differently as to who was the aggressor.[49][41][50] The raid was launched at approximately 2:30 am, by troops from the IDF’s 401st Armored Brigade and other units, including special forces and the Shin Bet security agency encircling the hospital.[41] Before the IDF found Fayeq (in or near the hospital) they raided his family home and kicked out his wife and children.[49][42] Fayeq’s brother was captured in a neighbourhood near the hospital.[49] According to the IDF, Fayeq Mabhouh refused to surrender to troops and instead continued firing at Israeli security forces until he was killed.[1] The IDF initially claimed to have killed 20 other "terrorists" alongside Fayeq.[43] The IDF claimed that by the evening of Monday 18 March, their troops had killed 20 "Hamas" gunmen inside the hospital premises and another 20 were killed in the surrounding area.[41] Some sources suggest that the gun battle happened outside the hospital.[49] The exact circumstances of his death are unverifiable. They sides disagree on the implied or explicit purpose of removing Fayeq from power (and the war as a whole). Israeli-aligned sources frame it as removing a threat to Israel,[41][51][44] but there is no indication that he has had any role in attacks on Israel while working as part of Gaza's civilian administration.[52][49] Palestinian aligned sources described the goal as the destruction of Palestine,[46] by starving the people, and preventing independent Palestinian control of the Gaza Strip.[46] International sources often came closer to the Palestinian framing of the situation or present that version of events as more credible.[53][54]

The Israel Arabic account of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the X platform announced the killing of Al-Mabhouh, describing him as, "the head of the Operations Directorate of the Internal Security Service of the Hamas terrorist organization."[5] Hamas released an extremely strongly worded statement, in which they claimed the killing of a civilian police officer was a violation of international law.[55] It read, in part, "This terrorist crime, by targeting civilian police protected under international humanitarian law, is further evidence of the Nazi enemy’s efforts to spread chaos, undermine societal peace in the Gaza Strip, and perpetuate the state of famine from which our people suffer, in implementation of the plan of a war of extermination and the displacement of our people from their land."[55][56] Arabic language social media speculated about the motives for the killing and the attack on the hospital, with comments such as, "The trucks passed over the past two days peacefully, without chaos, massacres, stampedes, wounded, or martyrs, but the criminal occupation does not like it."[5] It was rumoured that a large part of the Israeli motive was the failure of the Israeli plan to replace the police in Gaza with the clans (such as the Doghmush clan) to distribute aid and enforce the law.[5]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b The spelling of his name in English is extremely variable, including "Faiq Al-Mabhouh", "Fayek Mabhouh", and others. Many Arabic surnames start with an "Al" (Arabic: ال), this is sometimes omitted in English, but sometimes retained. The most common Romanisations of his first name are "Fayeq",[57][58] "Fayek",[59][60] and "Faiq",[61][62] but there are numerous other ways, ending in Q, K, G, or CK, e.g. Faack.[42] The Hebrew spelling is less variable (Hebrew: פאיק).[63] His full name is Arabic: فائق عبد الرؤوف المبحوح, romanized: Faiq Abdel Raouf Al-Mabhouh.[49][45]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "IDF Kills Top Hamas Officer, Brother of Hamas Officer Eliminated in Dubai, Which Sparked Diplomatic Crisis". Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  2. ^ "IDF Kills Top Hamas Officer, Brother Of Hamas Officer Eliminated In Dubai, Which Sparked Diplomatic Crisis". www.theyeshivaworld.com. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  3. ^ "Gaza Hadith Al-Ekhbariyah - Response to the statement (غزة الحدث الإخبارية - رداً على بيان)". nabd.com نبض (in Arabic). 16 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024. In response to a "fabricated" statement accusing Hamas of killing the mukhtar of the Daghmush family: The Central Family Council publishes a statement denying this statement and the accusation
  4. ^ Al-mughrabi, Nidal (20 March 2024). "Palestinian clans and factions step in to protect Gaza aid". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d "Tweeters: For these reasons, the occupation assassinated Brigadier General Faiq al-Mabhouh in Gaza". Al Jazeera (in Arabic). 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  6. ^ a b "2 men executed in West Bank for allegedly spying for Israel, as mob cheers". Times of Israel. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  7. ^ "(edited Nov 25, 2023 at 07:10)". Tulkarm Battalion (Rapid Response). Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  8. ^ Tafsir Ibn Kathir 10:1
  9. ^ "Surah Yunus - 44". Quran.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  10. ^ "About the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  11. ^ Abu Toameh, Khaled. "Summary Executions in the West Bank: The Disintegration of Palestinian Society". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  12. ^ Staff, Al Jazeera. "Israeli forces kill three Palestinians in West Bank hospital raid". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  13. ^ "Israeli forces kill three Palestinian fighters in West Bank hospital raid". 30 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  14. ^ a b "Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949. Commentary of 2016 Article 12 - Protection and care of the wounded and sick". ihl-databases.icrc.org. ICRC. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  15. ^ "Undercover Israeli killings in West Bank hospital may be war crimes: UN experts | Reuters".
  16. ^ ICRC website
  17. ^ same ref as use of Shifa
  18. ^ "In Gaza, entire families destroyed by Israeli bombing: 'My son, my niece and another child are still under the rubble'". Le Monde. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  19. ^ "غزة - تشييع جثامين شهداء مجزرة عائلة أبو قوطة في مدينة رفح جنوب قطاع غزة". Wafa Agency. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  20. ^ "مجزرة جديدة للاحتلال بحق عائلة فلسطينية في قطاع غزة.. لا يستوعبها عقل - عربي21". www.arabianews24.net. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  21. ^ "القتل الجماعي يُخرج عائلات فلسطينية من السجل المدني". أخبار الغد Ghad News (in Arabic). 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  22. ^ "فلسطين بوست | مجزرة في مدينة (رفح).. طواقم الدفاع المدني تعمل على إخراج الاصابات و الشهداء من المنزل عائلة، أبو قوطة بعد ان تم استهداف المنزل.. تصوير | فراس أبو شرخ". موقع نبض. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  23. ^ "UN Human Rights Office - OPT: Unlawful killings in Gaza City". ReliefWeb. OHCHR. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  24. ^ "Video shows aftermath of a summary execution of 15 men in a Gaza apartment". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  25. ^ "'Summary execution is a war crime'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  26. ^ "Palestinians accuse Israeli forces of executing 19 civilians in Gaza". Al Jazeera. 20 January 2024. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  27. ^ "Euro-Med submits findings on Israeli army executions in Gaza to ICC, UN, calling them 'genocide' – Middle East Monitor". Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  28. ^ "Watchdog Submits Evidence of Israeli Executions of Gaza Civilians to UN, ICC". www.commondreams.org. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  29. ^ "جريدة القدس". Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  30. ^ "Video of Israeli soldier bragging about killing elderly Palestinian condemned". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  31. ^ "Palestinian killed by Israeli soldier identified as elderly deaf man". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  32. ^ Khan, Laura. "Israeli military to probe killing of unarmed, elderly and disabled Palestinian". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  33. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv (31 March 2024). "Israel Created 'Kill Zones' in Gaza. Anyone Who Crosses Into Them Is Shot". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  34. ^ "Nearly 300 bodies found in mass grave at Gaza hospital, authorities say". Cbc.ca. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  35. ^ "Nearly 200 bodies found in mass grave at hospital in Gaza's Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  36. ^ Salman, Abeer; Dahman, Ibrahim; Lister, Tim (22 April 2024). "Nearly 300 bodies found in mass grave at Gaza hospital, says Gaza Civil Defense". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  37. ^ "Mass graves in Gaza show victims' hands were tied, says UN rights office | UN News". news.un.org. 23 April 2024. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  38. ^ Gritten, David (24 April 2024). "UN rights chief 'horrified' by mass grave reports at Gaza hospitals". Yahoo! News. BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 May 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  39. ^ Farge, Emma. "UN rights chief 'horrified' by mass grave reports at Gaza hospitals". Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  40. ^ "Mass graves 'an indication that war crimes have been committed'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  41. ^ a b c d e "IDF raids Gaza's Shifa Hospital again, kills 40 gunmen including senior commander". Times of Israel. 18 March 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  42. ^ a b c "Troops engaged in shootout with Hamas logistics chief before killing him, new details show". 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  43. ^ a b Gunter, Joel; Gritten, David (18 March 2024). "Israeli forces raid Gaza City's al-Shifa hospital". BBC. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  44. ^ a b Vasilyeva, Nataliya (18 March 2024). "Israel-Hamas war latest: Senior Hamas terrorist 'killed in Al-Shifa Hospital raid'". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  45. ^ a b "Hamas condemns top Palestinian police officer's assassination". The Palestinian Information Center. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  46. ^ a b c "Israel's lethal charade in Gaza hides its real goals in plain sight". Middle East Eye. 26 March 2024. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  47. ^ "Hamas police official who secured aid distribution among 50 executed in Shifa Hospital raid". Mada Masr. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  48. ^ "Two Palestinian political analysts: The implications of the assassination of Al-Mabhouh...spreading chaos and undermining civilian rule in Gaza" (in Arabic). 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  49. ^ a b c d e f "Fayeq Al-Mabhouh...a police general in Gaza who was assassinated by Israel". Encyclopedia. Al Jazeera. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  50. ^ (and other sources cited elsewhere on this page)
  51. ^ "Top Hamas operative killed in hospital raid, army says". The Times of Israel.
  52. ^ "Since 7 October: these are the most prominent Hamas leaders who have been assassinated by Israel". www.alarabiya.net (in Arabic). 19 March 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  53. ^ Al-mughrabi, Nidal (20 March 2024). "Palestinian clans and factions step in to protect Gaza aid". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024. Quote from a Palestinian official who asked not to be named: "Israel's plan to find some clans to collaborate with its pilot projects of finding an alternative to Hamas didn't succeed but it also showed that Palestinian resistance factions are the only ones who can run the show, in one way or another."
  54. ^ "Israeli forces attack Gaza's al-Shifa hospital". Channel 4 News. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  55. ^ a b "A Terrorist Crime: The First Comment From Hamas On The Assassination Of Brigadier General Fayeq Al-Mabhouh". قناة الغد www.alghad.tv (in Arabic). 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024. Quote in Arabic:
    "هذه الجريمة الإرهابية باستهداف الشرطة المدنية المحمية بموجب القانون الدولي الإنساني هي دليل إضافي على سعي العدو النازي لنشر الفوضى، وضرب السلم المجتمعي في القطاع، وإدامة حالة المجاعة التي يعاني منها أهلنا، تنفيذا لمخطط حرب الإبادة وتهجير شعبنا عن أرضه."
  56. ^ "Hamas condemns top Palestinian police officer's assassination". 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  57. ^ "i24NEWS - Operative killed at Shifa revealed as sibling of former Hamas leader assassinated in Dubai". www.i24news.tv. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  58. ^ "Top Palestinian police officer killed by Israel at northern Gaza hospital". www.aa.com.tr. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  59. ^ "Senior Hamas commander killed in Israeli airstrike last week, White House says". 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  60. ^ Gabbatt, Adam (16 February 2010). "Members of hit squad suspected of killing Hamas man 'had UK passports'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  61. ^ "Hamas condemns top Palestinian police officer's assassination". The Palestinian Information Center. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  62. ^ "Top Hamas man killed in Shifa hospital is brother of terror group leader assassinated in Dubai". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  63. ^ "N12 - פאיק מבחוח: "המוסד חיסל את אחי" Faiq Mabhouh: "Mossad eliminated my brother"" (in Hebrew). 19 February 2010. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
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