Second decade of the first century AD
Bust of Roman emperor Tiberius (r. 14–37), who reigned for most of the decade.
The 10s decade ran from January 1, AD 10, to December 31, AD 19.
In Europe, the decade saw the end of the Early Imperial campaigns in Germania when Roman forces led by Germanicus defeated Germanic tribes in the Battle of Idistaviso in AD 16. In the subsequent year, a war broke out between Maroboduus and Arminius. In Africa, Tacfarinas led his own Musulamii tribe and a loose and changing coalition of other Berber tribes in a war against the Romans in North Africa during the rule of the emperor Tiberius (AD 14–37). The Armenian Artaxiad dynasty was overthrown by the Romans. In China, the Red Eyebrows Rebellion erupted against Wang Mang, emperor of the Xin dynasty. In Korea, Daeso, the ruler of the kingdom of Dongbuyeo, led his armies into Goguryeo once again. This time, Muhyul, a prince of Goguryeo, led the armies of Goguryeo in a well-planned ambush and slaughtered all of Daeso's army. Only he and a few of his men escaped home.
Literary works from the 10s include works from the ancient Roman poet Ovid, Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto, while Nicolaus of Damascus wrote a biography of Emperor Augustus (Bios Kaisaros).
In the Roman Empire, an edict was issued effecting an empire-wide ban on divinatory practices especially astrology. The edict requires any consultation between a customer and a practitioner to be conducted with at least one third party witness present and bans inquiry into anyone's death. A large earthquake caused the destruction of at least twelve cities in the region of Lydia in the Roman province of Asia in Asia Minor. In China, a major flooding took place in the Yellow River in AD 11, which is credited with helping bring about the fall of the Xin dynasty in the next decade.
Manning (2008) tentatively estimates the world population in AD 10 as 241 million.
Due to lack of reliable demographic data, estimates of the world population in the 1st century vary wildly, with estimates for AD 1 varying from 150[1] to 300[2] million. Demographers typically do not attempt to estimate most specific years in antiquity, instead giving approximate numbers for round years such as AD 1 or AD 200. However, attempts at reconstructing the world population in more specific years have been made, with Manning (2008) tentatively estimating the world population in AD 10 as 241 million.[3]
Events
AD 10
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AD 10.
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- Differentiation of localized Teutonic tribes of the Irminones.
- Senatus consultum Silanianum is adopted.
AD 11
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AD 11.
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- Germania Inferior and the Rhine are secured by Germanicus.
- Emperor Augustus abandons his plan to create a defensive border at the Elbe, in order to reinforce the Roman defenses along the Rhine and the Danube.
- An edict is issued effecting an empire-wide ban on divinatory practices, especially astrology. The edict requires any consultation between a customer and a practitioner to be conducted with at least one third party witness present, and bans inquiry into anyone's death.[4]
- The yellow river experiences a major flood. This flood is credited for the downfall of the short-lived Xin dynasty.[5]
AD 12
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AD 12.
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- Ovid stops writing Fasti, because of the lack of resources (being far from the libraries of Rome). He completes 6 books that detail festivals found in the Roman calendar.[6]
AD 13
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AD 13.
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AD 14
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AD 14.
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AD 15
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AD 15.
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AD 16
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AD 16.
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- A Roman army of 50,000 men commanded by Germanicus gains a great victory at Idistaviso, defeating the German war chief Arminius, and recovering the lost eagles of Varus' legions.[18]
- Germanicus employs the North Sea fleet to avoid dangerous rivers, embarking an army in the Rhine Delta, aboard circa 1,000 ships. He defeats the Germans at the Amisius river estuary and the Weser, but during its return, the Roman fleet is partially destroyed by storms.[19]
- Vonones, the beleaguered king of Armenia, is summoned to Syria, by Roman governor Creticus Silanus.[20]
AD 17
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AD 17.
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AD 18
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AD 18.
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- After a flooding of the Yellow River in China, farmers are forced to rebel. Emperor Wang Mang reacts by sending an army (some 100,000 men) against the agrarian rebels. The rebel leaders, concerned that during battle it will become impossible to tell friend from foe, order that their men color their eyebrows red – and this is where the name Chimei ("The Red Eyebrows") comes from.
AD 19
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AD 19.
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- Maroboduus, king of the Marcomanni, is deposed by Catualda. This ends the threat to the Romans from Germanic tribes until the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Rome places them under its protection.
- Germanicus Julius Caesar, commander in chief of the Roman legions in the East and beloved by the legionaries, falls ill and dies. On his deathbed he accuses Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, the governor of Syria, of poisoning him.
- Emperor Tiberius expels the Egyptians from Rome, and deports 4,000 Jews from Sicily.
- Agrippina the Elder accuses Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso of having assassinated her husband Germanicus Julius Caesar in Antioch. However, there is no credible evidence and the charge is never proven. (In ancient times, when medical science was not advanced, poison was usually suspected whenever a young, healthy person died suddenly. There was no way to pinpoint and trace the substance after death; therefore, it was considered a quick, easy and non-traceable form of homicide.)
- A triumphal arch is built for Germanicus Julius Caesar in Saintes.
Births
AD 10
AD 12
AD 13
AD 14
AD 15
AD 16
AD 18
AD 19
Deaths
AD 10
AD 11
AD 12
AD 13
AD 14
AD 15
AD 16
AD 17
AD 18
AD 19
- ^ John H. Tanton, 1994, "End of the Migration Epoch? Time For a New Paradigm", The Social Contract, Vol. 4 (no 3), pp. 162–173.
- ^ Haub (1995): "By 1 A.D., the world may have held about 300 million people. One estimate of the population of the Roman Empire, from Spain to Asia Minor, in 14 A.D. is 45 million. However, other historians set the figure twice as high, suggesting how imprecise population estimates of early historical periods can be."
- ^ Manning, Scott (2008-01-12). "Year-by-Year World Population Estimates: 10,000 B.C. to 2007 A.D." Historian on the Warpath. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
- ^ Cramer, F. H. "Astrology in Roman Law and Politics" Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, 37 (1954).
- ^ Tregear, T. R. (1965) A Geography of China, pp. 218–219.
- ^ "The Fasti". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2023-01-23.
- ^ "LacusCurtius • Res Gestae Divi Augusti (II)". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
- ^ Ronald Syme, History in Ovid (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978), pp. 40-42
- ^ "LacusCurtius • Res Gestae Divi Augusti (II)". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
- ^ Tacitus; The Annals 1.31
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 1.49
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 1.51
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 1.20
- ^ According to Balduin Saria in 1938; not supported by later archaeological findings. Šašel Kos, Marjeta (September 2012). "2000 let Emone? Kaj bomo praznovali?" [2000 Years of Emona? What Will We Celebrate?] (PDF). Ljubljana: glasilo Mestne občine Ljubljana [Ljubljana: The Bulletin of the City Municipality of Ljubljana] (in Slovenian). XVII (7): 28–29. ISSN 1318-797X. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 1.57.
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 1.62
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 1.76.
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 2.21
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 2.24
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 2.4
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 2.41
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 2.52
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 2.47
- ^ a b "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ Varner, Eric R. (2004). Mutilation and transformation: damnatio memoriae and Roman imperial portraiture. Brill. p. 21. ISBN 978-90-04-13577-2.
- ^ Wolf, Thomas (2019). The Nightingale's Sonata: The Musical Odyssey of Lea Luboshutz. Pegasus Books. p. 440. ISBN 978-1-64313-162-7.
- ^ "BBC - History - Augustus". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 1.53
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 2.40
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals 2.42
- ^ Oglivie, Robert Maxwell. "Livy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
- ^ Kenney, Edward John. "Ovid". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
- ^ "On this day in AD 19 Germanicus died at Antioch. - Mint Imperials". Mint Imperials. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
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