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{{Short description|Ashkenazi Jewish culture}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2019}}
{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
'''Yiddishkeit''' ({{lang-yi|ייִדישקייט}} — '''''yidishkeyt''''' using the [[YIVO]] transliteration rules, '''''yidishkayt''''' in quasi-phonetic transcription)<ref>Competing ways of [[Phonetic transcription|transcription]] exist for the [[suffix]]: -keit, based on the orthography of Standard Modern [[German language|German]]; -keyt using the YIVO transliteration, and -kayt, a quasi-[[phonetic]] transcription used by a majority of [[linguist]]s and [[philologist]]s, particularly in the U.S., and favored by Uriel Weinreich in his ''College Yiddish''.</ref> literally means "Jewishness", i.&nbsp;e. "''a Jewish way of life''", in the Yiddish language. It can refer to [[Judaism]] or forms of [[Orthodox Judaism]] when used by religious or Orthodox Jews. In a more general sense it has come to mean the "Jewishness" or "Jewish essence" of [[Ashkenazi Jews]] in general and the traditional Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern and Central Europe in particular.
'''Yiddishkeit''' ({{lang-yi|ייִדישקייט}} '''{{transl|yi|yidishkeyt}}'''{{refn|group=N|Competing ways of [[Phonetic transcription|transcription]] exist for the [[suffix]]: {{transl|yi|-keit}}, based on the orthography of Standard Modern [[German language|German]], and {{transl|yi|-keyt}} using the standardized [[YIVO]] transliteration. In Northeastern ("Lithuanian") and Central ("Polish") [[dialects of Yiddish]], the suffix is pronounced with the [[diphthong]] [{{IPA|ai}}] (as in English ''kite''), but in Southeastern ("Ukrainian") dialects with the diphthong [{{IPA|ei}}] (as in English ''Kate'').<ref>[[Max Weinreich]]: ''Geshikhte fun der yidisher shprakh. Bagrifn, faktn, metodn'', vol. 2. YIVO, New York 1973, p. 356 (English translation by Shlomo Noble from 1980: p. 692–693).</ref> Therefore the spelling '''{{transl|yi|yiddishkayt}}''' is often used as well.}}) literally means "Jewishness" (i.e. "a Jewish way of life").<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=Reconstructing Yiddishkeit - Evolve |url=https://evolve.reconstructingjudaism.org/reconstructing-yiddishkeit/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> It can refer broadly to [[Judaism]] or specifically to forms of [[Orthodox Judaism]] when used particularly by religious and Orthodox Ashkenazi. In a more general sense, it has come to mean the "Jewishness" or "Jewish essence" of [[Ashkenazi Jews]] in general and the traditional Yiddish-speaking Jews of [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Central Europe]] in particular.


According to ''[[The Jewish Chronicle]]'', "Yiddishkeit evokes the teeming vitality of the ''[[shtetl]]'', the singsong of [[Talmud]] study emanating from the ''[[cheder]]'' and the ecstatic spirituality of [[Chasidim]]." More so than the word "Judaism," the word 'Yiddishkeit' evokes the Eastern European world and has an authentic ring to it. "Judaism suggests an ideology, a set of definite beliefs like socialism, conservatism or atheism. The suffix ''-keit'' in German, on the other hand, means -ness in English, which connotes ''a way of being.'' ... Not merely a [[creed]] but an organic and all-encompassing, pulsing, breathing way of life".<ref> [https://www.thejc.com/judaism/jewish-words/yiddishkeit-1.8050 Yiddishkeit]. By Rabbi Julian Sinclair.
⚫
From a more secular perspective it is associated with the [[popular culture]] or [[folk culture|folk]] practices of Yiddish-speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European [[Jewish cuisine]], [[Jewish humor#Eastern European Jewish humor|Yiddish humour]], [[shtetl]] life, and [[klezmer]] music, among other things.
''The Jewish Chronicle'', July 5, 2018.</ref>


⚫
From a more secular perspective, it is associated with the [[popular culture]] or [[Folk culture|folk]] practices of Yiddish-speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European [[Jewish cuisine]], [[Jewish humor#Eastern European Jewish humor|Yiddish humor]], [[shtetl]] life, and [[klezmer]] music, among other things.
⚫
Before the [[Haskalah]] and the [[Jewish emancipation]] in Europe, central to Yiddishkeit were [[Torah study]] and [[Talmud]]ical studies for men, and a family and communal life governed by the observance of [[Halakha|Jewish Law]] for men and women. Among [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] Jews of Eastern European descent, who compose the majority of Jews who still speak Yiddish in their everyday lives, the word has retained this meaning.<ref>[http://www.yiddishkayt.org/ yiddishkayt.org]</ref>


⚫
Before the [[Haskalah]] and the [[Jewish emancipation]] in Europe, central to Yiddishkeit were [[Torah study]] and [[Talmud]]ical studies for men, and a family and communal life governed by the observance of ''[[halakha]]'' (Jewish religious laws) for men and women. Among [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] Jews of Eastern European descent, comprising the majority of Jews who still speak Yiddish in their everyday lives, the word has retained this meaning.<ref>Jewish Unpacked:[https://jewishunpacked.com/what-is-yiddishkeit-unpacked/ What is Yiddishkeit? Unpacked]</ref>
⚫
But with [[secularization]], Yiddishkeit has come to encompass not just traditional Jewish religious practice, but a broad range of movements, ideologies, practices, and traditions in which Ashkenazi Jews have participated and retained their sense of "Jewishness". Yiddishkeit has been identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association, in culture and education. Another quality often associated with Yiddishkeit is an emotional attachment and identification with the Jewish people.<ref>[http://www.ou.org/about/judaism/yz.htm#yiddishkeit ou.org:Yiddishkeit]</ref> In these latter exceptions of the term, the most common Latinate spelling is ''yiddishkayt''.


⚫
But with [[secularization]], Yiddishkeit has come to encompass not just traditional Jewish religious practice, but a broad range of movements, ideologies, practices, and traditions in which Ashkenazi Jews have participated and retained their sense of "Jewishness." Yiddishkeit has been identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association, in culture and education.{{cn|date=March 2022}} Another quality often associated with Yiddishkeit is an emotional attachment and identification with the [[Jewish people]].<ref>[[Orthodox Union]]: [https://www.ou.org/judaism-101/glossary/yiddishkeit/ Yiddishkeit]</ref>
⚫
==See also==

⚫
*[[Jewish culture]]
⚫
==See also==
* [[Jewish atheism]]
* [[Jewish secularism]]
⚫
* [[Jewish culture]]
*''[[The Joys of Yiddish]]''
*''[[The Joys of Yiddish]]''
*[[Who is a Jew?]]
* [[Pintele Yid]]
* [[Who is a Jew?]]
* [[Yiddishkeit (TV series)]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|group=N}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://yiddishinstitute.org California Institute for Yiddish Culture and Language]
*[http://www2.trincoll.edu/~mendele/ Mendele]
*[http://www.netfunny.com/rhf/jokes/98/Apr/yiddishkeit.html The Yiddishkeit Code]
*[http://yiddishkayt.org/ Yiddishkayt]

[[Category:Ashkenazi Jews topics]]
[[Category:Ashkenazi Jews topics]]
[[Category:Jewish culture]]
[[Category:Jewish culture]]

Revision as of 17:48, 26 April 2024

For other uses, see Yiddishkeit (disambiguation).

Yiddishkeit (Yiddish: ייִדישקייט yidishkeyt[N 1]) literally means "Jewishness" (i.e. "a Jewish way of life").[2] It can refer broadly to Judaism or specifically to forms of Orthodox Judaism when used particularly by religious and Orthodox Ashkenazi. In a more general sense, it has come to mean the "Jewishness" or "Jewish essence" of Ashkenazi Jews in general and the traditional Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern and Central Europe in particular.

According to The Jewish Chronicle, "Yiddishkeit evokes the teeming vitality of the shtetl, the singsong of Talmud study emanating from the cheder and the ecstatic spirituality of Chasidim." More so than the word "Judaism," the word 'Yiddishkeit' evokes the Eastern European world and has an authentic ring to it. "Judaism suggests an ideology, a set of definite beliefs like socialism, conservatism or atheism. The suffix -keit in German, on the other hand, means -ness in English, which connotes a way of being. ... Not merely a creed but an organic and all-encompassing, pulsing, breathing way of life".[3]

From a more secular perspective, it is associated with the popular culture or folk practices of Yiddish-speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European Jewish cuisine, Yiddish humor, shtetl life, and klezmer music, among other things.

Before the Haskalah and the Jewish emancipation in Europe, central to Yiddishkeit were Torah study and Talmudical studies for men, and a family and communal life governed by the observance of halakha (Jewish religious laws) for men and women. Among Haredi Jews of Eastern European descent, comprising the majority of Jews who still speak Yiddish in their everyday lives, the word has retained this meaning.[4]

But with secularization, Yiddishkeit has come to encompass not just traditional Jewish religious practice, but a broad range of movements, ideologies, practices, and traditions in which Ashkenazi Jews have participated and retained their sense of "Jewishness." Yiddishkeit has been identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association, in culture and education.[citation needed] Another quality often associated with Yiddishkeit is an emotional attachment and identification with the Jewish people.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Competing ways of transcription exist for the suffix: -keit, based on the orthography of Standard Modern German, and -keyt using the standardized YIVO transliteration. In Northeastern ("Lithuanian") and Central ("Polish") dialects of Yiddish, the suffix is pronounced with the diphthong [ai] (as in English kite), but in Southeastern ("Ukrainian") dialects with the diphthong [ei] (as in English Kate).[1] Therefore the spelling yiddishkayt is often used as well.
  1. ^ Max Weinreich: Geshikhte fun der yidisher shprakh. Bagrifn, faktn, metodn, vol. 2. YIVO, New York 1973, p. 356 (English translation by Shlomo Noble from 1980: p. 692–693).
  2. ^ "Reconstructing Yiddishkeit - Evolve". 2022-03-23. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  3. ^ Yiddishkeit. By Rabbi Julian Sinclair. The Jewish Chronicle, July 5, 2018.
  4. ^ Jewish Unpacked:What is Yiddishkeit? Unpacked
  5. ^ Orthodox Union: Yiddishkeit

External links

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